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Response Surface Methodology: The Improvement of Tropical Residual Soil Mechanical Properties Utilizing Calcined Seashell Powder and Treated Coir Fibre

Author

Listed:
  • Vivi Anggraini

    (Civil Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Sandun Dassanayake

    (Department of Decision Sciences, Faculty of Business, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka)

  • Endene Emmanuel

    (Civil Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Lee Li Yong

    (Civil Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Fatin Amirah Kamaruddin

    (Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Agusril Syamsir

    (Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram Uniten, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

Abstract

Calcined seashell (CSS) powder and treated coir fibre (CF) are well-established additives for reinforcing poor soils. However, the absence of specific mix designs to optimize the mix additives makes it difficult to predict their combined effect on improving the mechanical behaviour of poor soils. This research explores the use of response surface methods to find the optimal proportions of CSS and CF for enhancing the mechanical properties of a tropical residual soil. This study uses a combination of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and regression models to examine how the independent variables of the CSS content, CF content, and curing duration influence the responses of the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), Flexural Strength (FS), and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS). The findings show that the optimal mix of 9.06% CSS, 0.30% CF, and 12 days of curing significantly improved the UCS, FS, and ITS by roughly six, four, and three times, respectively. Microstructural analysis revealed that the formation of calcium-aluminate-hydrate and calcium-silicate-hydrate are the primary components responsible for the enhanced mechanical properties of the treated soil.

Suggested Citation

  • Vivi Anggraini & Sandun Dassanayake & Endene Emmanuel & Lee Li Yong & Fatin Amirah Kamaruddin & Agusril Syamsir, 2023. "Response Surface Methodology: The Improvement of Tropical Residual Soil Mechanical Properties Utilizing Calcined Seashell Powder and Treated Coir Fibre," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-29, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:3588-:d:1069500
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