Voice Pathology Detection Using a Two-Level Classifier Based on Combined CNN–RNN Architecture

The construction of an automatic voice pathology detection system employing machine learning algorithms to study voice abnormalities is crucial for the early detection of voice pathologies and identifying the specific type of pathology from which patients suffer. This paper’s primary objective is to construct a deep learning model for accurate speech pathology identification. Manual audio feature extraction was employed as a foundation for the categorization process. Incorporating an additional piece of information, i.e., voice gender, via a two-level classifier model was the most critical aspect of this work. The first level determines whether the audio input is a male or female voice, and the second level determines whether the agent is pathological or healthy. Similar to the bulk of earlier efforts, the current study analyzed the audio signal by focusing solely on a single vowel, such as /a/, and ignoring phrases and other vowels. The analysis was performed on the Saarbruecken Voice Database,. The two-level cascaded model attained an accuracy and F1 score of 88.84% and 87.39%, respectively, which was superior to earlier attempts on the same dataset and provides a steppingstone towards a more precise early diagnosis of voice complications.