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Physical, Rheological, and Permanent Deformation Behaviors of WMA-RAP Asphalt Binders

Author

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  • Kátia Aline Bohn

    (Postgraduate Program in Civil Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil)

  • Liseane Padilha Thives

    (Postgraduate Program in Civil Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil)

  • Luciano Pivoto Specht

    (Department of Transportation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil)

Abstract

With the rapid global expansion of road networks, the asphalt industry faces several environmental challenges, such as material shortages, environmental concerns, escalating material costs, demand for eco-friendly materials, and the implementation of “Net Zero” policies. Given these challenges and recognizing the need to explore new solutions, this research evaluated asphalt binder samples incorporating Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), or WMA-RAP. The assessment focused on analyzing the physical, rheological, and permanent deformation characteristics of WMA-RAP samples containing 20%, 35%, and 50% recycled pavement. The study utilized a chemical surfactant-type WMA additive, Evotherm ® P25. The findings showed that the WMA-RAP combination resulted in increased stiffness ranging from 247% to 380% and a reduced phase angle of 16% to 26% with an increasing RAP content from 20% to 50% at T ref 20 °C and 10 Hz. Furthermore, the penetration decreased from 20% to 47%, and the softening point increased from 7% to 17%. An improvement of 2 PGHs was observed by adding 35% and 50% RAP. Additionally, WMA samples containing up to 50% RAP presented more elevated permanent deformation resistance, supporting traffic levels of 64V or 70H. WMA-RAP binders allow mixture production at lower temperatures—an amount of 30 °C less—conserving energy and decreasing the need for new aggregate materials by incorporating recycled materials, thus minimizing the environmental impact.

Suggested Citation

  • Kátia Aline Bohn & Liseane Padilha Thives & Luciano Pivoto Specht, 2023. "Physical, Rheological, and Permanent Deformation Behaviors of WMA-RAP Asphalt Binders," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-21, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:18:p:13737-:d:1240183
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Javier Espinoza & Cristian Medina & Alejandra Calabi-Floody & Elsa Sánchez-Alonso & Gonzalo Valdés & Andrés Quiroz, 2020. "Evaluation of Reductions in Fume Emissions (VOCs and SVOCs) from Warm Mix Asphalt Incorporating Natural Zeolite and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement for Sustainable Pavements," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-17, November.
    2. Kiran Sapkota & Ehsan Yaghoubi & P. L. P. Wasantha & Rudi Van Staden & Sam Fragomeni, 2023. "Mechanical Characteristics and Durability of HMA Made of Recycled Aggregates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-19, March.
    3. Qing-Zhou Wang & Zhan-Di Chen & Kuo-Ping Lin & Ching-Hsin Wang, 2018. "Estimation and Analysis of Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction Effects of Warm-Mix Crumb Rubber-Modified Asphalts during Construction Period," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-18, November.
    4. Aner Martinez-Soto & Alejandra Calabi-Floody & Gonzalo Valdes-Vidal & Andrea Hucke & Camila Martinez-Toledo, 2023. "Life Cycle Assessment of Natural Zeolite-Based Warm Mix Asphalt and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-12, January.
    5. Kunpeng Zheng & Jian Xu & Jie Wang, 2023. "Viscoelasticity of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures with High Content Reclaimed SBS Modified Asphalt Pavement," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-13, January.
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