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Optimization of Roadside Unit Deployment on Highways under the Evolution of Intelligent Connected-Vehicle Permeability

Author

Listed:
  • Luyu Zhang

    (School of Transportation Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China)

  • Youfu Lu

    (Shandong Hi-Speed Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250098, China)

  • Ning Chen

    (Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Peng Wang

    (School of Transportation Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China)

  • Weilin Kong

    (School of Transportation Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China)

  • Qingbin Wang

    (School of Transportation Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China)

  • Guizhi Qin

    (Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Zhenhua Mou

    (School of Transportation Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China)

Abstract

With the increasing number of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), the heterogeneous traffic flow on highways now consists of a mix of CAVs and Non-networked Autonomous Vehicles (NAVs). The current deployment of Roadside Units (RSUs) on highways is mostly based on uniform or hotspot locations. However, when the permeability of CAVs on the road varies, the communication network may face challenges such as excessive energy consumption due to closely spaced RSU deployments at high CAV permeability or communication interruptions due to widely spaced RSU deployments at low CAV permeability. To address this issue, this paper proposes an improved D-LEACH clustering algorithm based on vehicle clustering; analyzes the impact of RSU and vehicle communication radius, mixed traffic density, and different CAV permeabilities in the heterogeneous traffic flow on the RSU deployment interval; and calculates the rational and effective RSU deployment interval schemes under different CAV permeabilities on highways in the heterogeneous traffic flow. When the heterogeneous traffic flow density is stable and CAV continues to penetrate, the RSU communication radius and deployment interval can be adjusted to ensure that the network connectivity is maintained at a high level. When the RSU and vehicle communication radius are stable, the mixed traffic density is 0.05, and the CAV permeability is 0.2, the RSU deployment interval can be set to 1235 m; when the mixed traffic density is 0.08 and the CAV penetration rate is 0.7, the RSU deployment interval can be set to 1669 m to ensure that the network connectivity is maintained at a high level.

Suggested Citation

  • Luyu Zhang & Youfu Lu & Ning Chen & Peng Wang & Weilin Kong & Qingbin Wang & Guizhi Qin & Zhenhua Mou, 2023. "Optimization of Roadside Unit Deployment on Highways under the Evolution of Intelligent Connected-Vehicle Permeability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:14:p:11112-:d:1195639
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yanjun Shi & Lingling Lv & Hao Yu & Liangjie Yu & Zihui Zhang, 2020. "A Center-Rule-Based Neighborhood Search Algorithm for Roadside Units Deployment in Emergency Scenarios," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-27, October.
    2. Chunyan Liu & Hejiao Huang & Hongwei Du, 2017. "Optimal RSUs deployment with delay bound along highways in VANET," Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 1168-1182, May.
    3. Lingyu Zhang & Li Wang & Lili Zhang & Xiao Zhang & Dehui Sun, 2023. "An RSU Deployment Scheme for Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperated Autonomous Driving," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, February.
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