IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i12p9768-d1174393.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Greenhouse Gas Emission and Water Footprint of the National Diet in Turkey: Results from Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey 2017

Author

Listed:
  • Azad Ilhan

    (Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Sıhhıye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey)

  • Rumeysa Yenicag

    (Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Sıhhıye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey)

  • Ece Yalcin Pehlivan

    (Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Sıhhıye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey)

  • Ebru Ozturk

    (Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sıhhıye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey)

  • Sevilay Karahan

    (Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sıhhıye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey)

  • Neslişah Rakıcıoğlu

    (Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Sıhhıye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey)

Abstract

The study aimed to assess and characterize the sustainability of the national diet in Turkey and its association with diet quality, dietary requirements, and sociodemographic factors. Dietary intake was assessed using 24 h recalls from the Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey 2017 (TNHS-2017) ( n = 12,527). The environmental footprints were assessed with two environmental indicators: greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) and water footprint (WF). Diet quality was assessed using the diet quality index (DQI) and dietary diversity score (DDS). The dietary GHGEs was 3.21 ± 2.07 kg CO 2 -eq/person/day and the dietary total WF was 2832 ± 1378 L/person/day. The DQI and DDS were 62.26 ± 8.28 and 6.66 ± 1.31, respectively. Total energy intake was significantly higher in the highest GHGEs and total WF tertiles (2238 ± 722 and 2383 ± 701 kcal, respectively) compared to lower GHGEs and total WF tertiles. Individuals with higher diet-related GHGEs and total WF had a higher daily intake of nutrients with the exception of the percentages of energy supplied from carbohydrates, percentages of meeting nutrients according to the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), DQI (excluding DQI total, moderation, and overall balance score), and DDS scores ( p < 0.001). GHGEs and total WF value of the national diet in Turkey are lower than the world average. The results would help develop dietary guidelines to encourage sustainable dietary choices.

Suggested Citation

  • Azad Ilhan & Rumeysa Yenicag & Ece Yalcin Pehlivan & Ebru Ozturk & Sevilay Karahan & Neslişah Rakıcıoğlu, 2023. "Greenhouse Gas Emission and Water Footprint of the National Diet in Turkey: Results from Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey 2017," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:12:p:9768-:d:1174393
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/12/9768/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/12/9768/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:12:p:9768-:d:1174393. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.