Author
Listed:
- Karuppiah Kalaiselvi
(Department of Chemistry, Government Arts and Science College, Paramakudi 623701, Tamil Nadu, India
These authors contributed equally to this work.)
- Sonaimuthu Mohandoss
(School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
These authors contributed equally to this work.)
- Naushad Ahmad
(Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
These authors contributed equally to this work.)
- Mohammad Rizwan Khan
(Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)
- Ranjith Kumar Manoharan
(Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea)
Abstract
Heavy metal ion pollution poses severe health risks. In this study, a kappa-carrageenan/cellulose (κ-CG/CL) hydrogel was prepared using a facile one-step method to remove Pb 2+ ions from aqueous solutions. The functional groups and crystallinity nature of κ-CG/CL hydrogel have been identified via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In contrast, the porous morphology and size distribution on the surface of κ-CG/CL hydrogel with a pore size of 1–10 μm were identified using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The as-prepared κ-CG/CL hydrogel effectively removed Pb 2+ ions, primary environmental pollutants. The effects of pH and contact time on Pb 2+ adsorption were studied along with the adsorption isotherms and kinetics of Pb 2+ adsorption onto the hydrogels from aqueous solutions. Notably, the aqueous solutions were effectively treated with the prepared κ-CG/CL hydrogels to remove Pb 2+ ions. The adsorption results fit well with pseudo-first- and second-order kinetic, Elovich, intra-particle diffusion, and Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Based on the fitting results, the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained with the Freundlich isotherm model of κ-CG/CL hydrogel found to be 486 ± 28.5 mg/g (79%). Reusability studies revealed that the κ-CG/CL hydrogel could remove Pb 2+ ions with more than 79% removal efficiency after eight adsorption–desorption cycles. In addition, its mechanism for efficiently adsorbing and removal of Pb 2+ ions was analyzed. These findings imply that the κ-CG/CL hydrogel has substantial potential for application in removing and recycling heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions.
Suggested Citation
Karuppiah Kalaiselvi & Sonaimuthu Mohandoss & Naushad Ahmad & Mohammad Rizwan Khan & Ranjith Kumar Manoharan, 2023.
"Adsorption of Pb 2+ Ions from Aqueous Solution onto Porous Kappa-Carrageenan/Cellulose Hydrogels: Isotherm and Kinetics Study,"
Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-15, June.
Handle:
RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:12:p:9534-:d:1170632
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