IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i4p2469-d754779.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Resource Recycling Utilization of Distillers Grains for Preparing Cationic Quaternary Ammonium—Ammonium Material and Adsorption of Acid Yellow 11

Author

Listed:
  • Chengtao Li

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China)

  • Deyi Kong

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China)

  • Xiaolong Yao

    (Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China)

  • Xiaotao Ma

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China)

  • Chunhui Wei

    (Liquor Making Biological Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China)

  • Hong Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Wuliangye-Flavor Liquor Solid-State Fermentation, China National Light Industry, Yibin 644000, China)

Abstract

Using distillers grains (DG) as raw material after pre-treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and modified with cationic etherification agent 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC), cationic quaternary ammonium distillers grains adsorption material (CDG) was successfully prepared. The optimal adsorption conditions were an adsorption temperature of 25 °C, adsorption time of 180 min, amount of adsorbent at 8.5 g/L, initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L, and pH of dye solution 7.0. The structure of CDG was characterized by FTIR, EDS, SEM, BET, ultraviolet spectrum analysis, and analysis of the zeta potential, while the adsorption mechanism was studied by adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics. The results showed that CHPTAC modified the distillers grains successfully and induced the formation of CDG with a large number of pore structures and good adsorption effect. The highest adsorption yield was above 98%, while after eight rounds of adsorption–desorption experiments, the adsorption rate was 81.80%. The adsorption mechanism showed that the adsorption process of acid yellow 11 (AY11) by CDG conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, mainly with chemical and physical adsorption such as pore adsorption and electrostatic adsorption. Thermodynamics conforms to the Freundlich isothermal model, and the adsorption process is a spontaneous, endothermic and entropy-increasing process.

Suggested Citation

  • Chengtao Li & Deyi Kong & Xiaolong Yao & Xiaotao Ma & Chunhui Wei & Hong Wang, 2022. "Resource Recycling Utilization of Distillers Grains for Preparing Cationic Quaternary Ammonium—Ammonium Material and Adsorption of Acid Yellow 11," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-24, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:2469-:d:754779
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/4/2469/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/4/2469/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:2469-:d:754779. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.