Changes in Temporal Dynamics and Factors Influencing the Environment of the Bacterial Community in Mangrove Rhizosphere Sediments in Hainan

The structural characteristics of the rhizosphere soil’s microbial community is crucial to understanding the ecological function of mangroves. However, the mechanism influencing mangrove plants in soil microbial communities has yet to be determined. Here, the mangrove ecosystem of Xinying Mangrove National Wetland Park in Hainan Province was taken as the research object. The microbial communities, external regulatory factors, and the relationship between communities were analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere sediments of mangrove forests under different spatiotemporal conditions. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the α-diversity of the bacterial community between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere sediments. However, β-diversity was significantly different. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that other environmental factors besides sulfide and Fe 2+ affected the bacterial community structure in sediments. The co-occurrence pattern analysis of bacteria in the mangrove ecosystem indicates that the bacteria in rhizosphere sediments were more closely related than those in non-rhizosphere sediments. The results reveal significant differences between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere bacterial community diversity, structure, and their interaction in the mangrove ecosystem. Therefore, the ecological system of the mangrove wetland needs to be preserved and rehabilitated, which would have a tremendous impact on the sustainable development.