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Disaster Risk Management, Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines, and Sanitation Challenges in South Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Phindile Madikizela

    (Disaster Management and Ethics Research Group (DMERG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Shafick Hoossein

    (Disaster Management and Ethics Research Group (DMERG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Richard K. Laubscher

    (Institute for Environmental Biotechnology (EBRU), Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Kevin Whittington-Jones

    (Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Mushtaque Ahmed

    (Department of Soils, Water and Agricultural Engineering, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Nhamo Mutingwende

    (Disaster Management and Ethics Research Group (DMERG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jozef Ristvej

    (Department of Crisis Management, Faculty of Security Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 01026 Žilina, Slovakia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Roman Tandlich

    (Disaster Management and Ethics Research Group (DMERG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
    Faculty of Health Sciences, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

The current paper provides a review and meta-analysis of the practical implications of disaster risk management related to the ventilated improved latrines in South Africa. This technology is evaluated through its legacy and novel challenges of disaster risk reduction. In the current article, the methodology adopted was a literature review and meta-analyses. The results indicate that the in-situ treatment and breakdown of faecal sludge in the ventilated improved pit latrines is not always taking place and that anaerobic digestion might not always be feasible. New strategies are proposed to manage the sanitation-related risks in South Africa by specifying more exact dimensions for the newly built ventilated improved pit latrines by suggesting the use of novel sanitation additives such as fly ash to enhance on-site and in situ treatment, as well as ex situ treatment of the pit latrine faecal sludge. Regular maintenance can lead to prevention of the dysfunctional character of the ventilated improved pit latrines as a functional sanitation technology and a user-friendly hygiene barrier to the spread of sanitation/WASH-related epidemics or infectious diseases. The implementation of the novel strategies should be enhanced by the application of the (Environmental) Technology Assessment in sanitation service delivery in South Africa.

Suggested Citation

  • Phindile Madikizela & Shafick Hoossein & Richard K. Laubscher & Kevin Whittington-Jones & Mushtaque Ahmed & Nhamo Mutingwende & Jozef Ristvej & Roman Tandlich, 2022. "Disaster Risk Management, Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines, and Sanitation Challenges in South Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-33, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:11:p:6934-:d:832708
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