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A Review of On-Site Carwash Wastewater Treatment

Author

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  • Wen-Hui Kuan

    (Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
    Chronic Disease and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan)

  • Ching-Yao Hu

    (School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan)

  • Li-Wei Ke

    (Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan)

  • Jung-Ming Wu

    (Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan)

Abstract

In recent years, people’s environmental awareness has increased. The high density of the urban population has caused a considerable increase in the demand for car washing services, which has created large quantities of car wash wastewater. The main pollutants in car wash wastewater are detergents, dirt, oil, and grease. Untreated wastewater released into rainwater sewer systems or other water bodies may pollute the water and generate excessive bubble foams, which negatively affects urban appearance. Car washes are divided into mechanical car washes and manual or self-service car washes. In general, car washes have a small operation and scale, occupy limited land, and cannot afford wastewater treatment costs. Therefore, most car washes are not equipped with wastewater treatment facilities. Consequently, the discharge of wastewater from car washes negatively affects the water quality in the surrounding environment and results in wasteful use of water resources. This study reviewed 68 research papers on the quality, treatment techniques, treatment costs, and treatment effectiveness of car wash wastewater to provide a reference for car wash operators to contribute to the preservation of water resources. We found that there is a higher chance of recycling car wash wastewater when combing two different techniques for car wash wastewater treatment.

Suggested Citation

  • Wen-Hui Kuan & Ching-Yao Hu & Li-Wei Ke & Jung-Ming Wu, 2022. "A Review of On-Site Carwash Wastewater Treatment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-14, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:10:p:5764-:d:812341
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jin Hee Park & Young-Soo Han & Sang-Woo Ji, 2018. "Investigation of Mineral-Processing Wastewater Recycling Processes: A Pilot Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-10, August.
    2. Abdelmjeed Mohamed & Salem Basfar & Salaheldin Elkatatny & Abdulaziz Al-Majed, 2019. "Prevention of Barite Sag in Oil-Based Drilling Fluids Using a Mixture of Barite and Ilmenite as Weighting Material," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-14, October.
    3. Fatemeh Talebzadeh & Caterina Valeo & Rishi Gupta & C. Peter Constabel, 2021. "Exploring the Potential in LID Technologies for Remediating Heavy Metals in Carwash Wastewater," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-15, August.
    4. Osama Siddig & Saad Al-Afnan & Salaheldin Elkatatny & Mohamed Bahgat, 2020. "Novel Cake Washer for Removing Oil-Based Calcium Carbonate Filter Cake in Horizontal Wells," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-12, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    carwash; SS; COD; NTU; wastewater;
    All these keywords.

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