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The Sewage Sludge Biochar and Its Composts Influence the Phosphate Sorption in an Alkaline–Calcareous Soil

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Listed:
  • Rabia Abdur Rehman

    (Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Farooq Qayyum

    (Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan)

  • Ghulam Haider

    (Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Kate Schofield

    (Biogeochemistry Research Centre, B504 Portland Square, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK)

  • Muhammad Abid

    (Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Rizwan

    (Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Shafaqat Ali

    (Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
    Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan)

Abstract

This study evaluates the potential of sewage sludge, farm manure, rock phosphate, and their composts or biochar as useful materials for phosphorous (P) recovery. An alkaline–calcareous soil was incubated with different compost-based amendments to discern their impact on the P sorption characteristics. The treatments examined consisted of sewage sludge (SS), SS biochar (SS-BC), or composts of SS with rock phosphate (RP) and farm manure (FM) in different ratios, i.e., (i) control, (ii) SS, (iii) SS-BC, (iv) SS 50 :FM 50 , (v) SS 75 :FM 25 , (vi) SS 25 :FM 25 :RP 50 , (vii) SS 50 :FM 25 :RP 25 , (viii) SS 75 :FM 0 :RP 25 , and (ix) SS 50 :FM 0 :RP 50 . Prior to incubation for 45 days, the composts and biochar treatments combinations were characterized for elemental composition using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The treated soils were analyzed for soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Olsen’s P, and P adsorption isotherms, at day 5 and 45 of the incubation. Langmuir and Freundlich’s equations were used to calculate P adsorption. Results showed that there was no significant influence on soil pH for any treatment throughout the experiment. However, soil EC decreased significantly for all treatments after 5 days of incubation; however, this effect was diminished after 45 days of incubation. All the treatments significantly decreased P sorption capacity both at the start (day 5) and end of the incubation (day 45) period compared to control. The treatment combination SS 25 :FM 25 :RP 50 recovered the highest Olsen-P (79.41 mg kg −1 ). The other treatment combinations including SS and FM also recovered a greater Olsen’s P compared to the control. However, the sole application of only SS showed lower P recovery than the control soil, which further decreased with increase in incubation time. These findings improve our understanding that the stable pool of bioavailable P within an alkaline calcareous soil can be mobilized by using different organic treatment combinations instead of only SS. However, further in situ investigations may help to valorize the potential of sewage sludge, farm manure, rock phosphate, and their composts or biochar to improve P recovery in alkaline–calcareous.

Suggested Citation

  • Rabia Abdur Rehman & Muhammad Farooq Qayyum & Ghulam Haider & Kate Schofield & Muhammad Abid & Muhammad Rizwan & Shafaqat Ali, 2021. "The Sewage Sludge Biochar and Its Composts Influence the Phosphate Sorption in an Alkaline–Calcareous Soil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:1779-:d:494938
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maria Concetta Tomei & Valentina Stazi & Saba Daneshgar & Andrea G. Capodaglio, 2020. "Holistic Approach to Phosphorus Recovery from Urban Wastewater: Enhanced Biological Removal Combined with Precipitation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-12, January.
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