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Role of Endophytes and Rhizosphere Microbes in Promoting the Invasion of Exotic Plants in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas: A Review

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  • Elsiddig A. E. Elsheikh

    (Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
    Department of Soil and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan)

  • Ali El-Keblawy

    (Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates)

  • Kareem A. Mosa

    (Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
    Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt)

  • Anthony I. Okoh

    (Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
    SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa)

  • Ismail Saadoun

    (Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates)

Abstract

Endophytes and rhizospheric microorganisms support invasive species’ adaptation to environmental stresses. Here, we review the impacts of endophytes, rhizospheric microbes (particularly symbiotic nitrogen-fixers), mycorrhiza and pathogens on plant invasion in arid and semi-arid areas. Endophytes and soil microorganisms either enhance nutrient acquisition for enhancing the invasive plant immune system and/or negatively affect native plants. In addition, the positive feedback between mycorrhizal fungi and invasive plants enhances the competitive ability of the aliens, providing them more opportunities for success, establishment, and dominance. The microbes and their secondary metabolites promote invasive plant species by changing soil microbial community structure and carbon biomass as well as enzyme activity, which improves soil properties and processes. The negative impact of invasive exotic plants on the associated biota and the role of allelochemicals are also discussed. It could be concluded that endophytes interact with rhizosphere microbes to promote invasive plant species in arid and semi-arid areas in a way similar to what happens in other ecosystems; the differences are in the pathways and reactions, which depend upon the prevailing abiotic factors. More interdisciplinary field experiments integrating microbial, biotechnological, and molecular approaches are needed to understand the role of symbiotic microbes in invasion biology.

Suggested Citation

  • Elsiddig A. E. Elsheikh & Ali El-Keblawy & Kareem A. Mosa & Anthony I. Okoh & Ismail Saadoun, 2021. "Role of Endophytes and Rhizosphere Microbes in Promoting the Invasion of Exotic Plants in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-21, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:23:p:13081-:d:688274
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Brockwell, John & Searle, Suzette D. & Jeavons, Alison C. & Waayers, Meigan, 2005. "Nitrogen Fixation in Acacias: an Untapped Resource for Sustainable Plantations, Farm Forestry and Land Reclamation," Monographs, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, number 114065.
    2. Sheikh Adil Edrisi & Ali El-Keblawy & Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil Abhilash, 2020. "Sustainability Analysis of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC Based Restoration of Degraded Land in North India," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-18, February.
    3. Zhiyuan Hu & Jiating Li & Kangwei Shi & Guangqian Ren & Zhicong Dai & Jianfan Sun & Xiaojun Zheng & Yiwen Zhou & Jiaqi Zhang & Guanlin Li & Daolin Du, 2021. "Effects of Canada Goldenrod Invasion on Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities and Ecoenzymatic Stoichiometry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-13, March.
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