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Influence of Alkalis on Natural Carbonation of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement Pastes

Author

Listed:
  • Ruoying Li

    (Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China)

  • Hailong Ye

    (Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China)

Abstract

Vulnerability to atmospheric carbonation is one of the major durability concerns for limestone calcined clay cement (LC 3 ) concrete due to its relatively low overall alkalinity. In this study, the natural carbonation behaviors of ternary ordinary Portland cement-metakaolin-limestone (OPC-MK-LS) blends containing various sulfate salts (i.e., anhydrous CaSO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , and K 2 SO 4 ) are studied, with the aim of revealing the influence of alkali cations (Na + , K + ). Detailed analyses on the hydrated phase assemblage, composition, microstructure, and pore structure of LC 3 pastes prior to and post indoor carbonation are conducted. The results show that the incorporation of sulfate salts accelerates the setting and strength gain of LC 3 pastes, likely through enhancement of ettringite formation, but undermines its later age strength achievement due to the deleterious effect of alkali cations (Na + , K + ) on late age OPC hydration. The carbonation resistance of LC 3 systems is considerably undermined, particularly with the incorporation of Na 2 SO 4 or K 2 SO 4 salts, due to the simultaneous pore coarsening effect and reduced CO 2 -binding capacity. The carbonation-induced phase and microstructural alterations of LC 3 pastes are discussed and compared with those of reference OPC pastes.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruoying Li & Hailong Ye, 2021. "Influence of Alkalis on Natural Carbonation of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement Pastes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-18, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:22:p:12833-:d:683334
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Weijie Zhou & Shuanglei Wu & Huxing Chen, 2023. "Early Strength-Promoting Mechanism of Inorganic Salts on Limestone-Calcined Clay Cement," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-13, March.
    2. Tao Jiang & Ying Jin, 2022. "Influence of Magnesium Oxide on Carbonation of Cement Paste Containing Limestone and Metakaolin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-9, May.

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