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Health Risk and Water Quality Assessment of Surface Water in an Urban River of Bangladesh

Author

Listed:
  • Md. Foysal Hasan

    (Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh)

  • Md. Nur-E-Alam

    (Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh)

  • Mohammed Abdus Salam

    (Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh)

  • Hafizur Rahman

    (Department of Environmental Science and Management, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh)

  • Shujit Chandra Paul

    (Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Sonapur 3814, Bangladesh)

  • Aweng Eh Rak

    (Faculty of Earth Science University, Jeli Campus, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Malaysia)

  • Balram Ambade

    (Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831014, India)

  • Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam

    (Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh)

Abstract

Despite significant contributions to the national economy of Bangladesh, various urban developments, massive industrial and growing shipping activities are making the water of many urban rivers, including Karnaphuli River, extremely polluted. To find out the pollution sources and their possible health effects, 45 water samples were collected from 15 sampling stations. Investigation of six physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, conductivity, salinity, and turbidity) through in-situ measurements and eight heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) status using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was carried out in this research. Both the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO)’s permeable threshold limit. The calculated hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) ingestion values indicate non-carcinogenic risk both for adults and children, but dermal exposure was within the safety limit. Carcinogenic risk analysis revealed that Cd could cause a risk of cancer in those using the river water for a long period. Spatial analysis and metal pollution index (MPI) results exhibit that downstream of the river water is more polluted than upstream of the river. Overall, the findings of this study imply that polluted water is a threat to human health and the results will also help to undertake proper management strategies and incorporate monitoring programs that study river water for the implementation of safety measures to protect human health.

Suggested Citation

  • Md. Foysal Hasan & Md. Nur-E-Alam & Mohammed Abdus Salam & Hafizur Rahman & Shujit Chandra Paul & Aweng Eh Rak & Balram Ambade & Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam, 2021. "Health Risk and Water Quality Assessment of Surface Water in an Urban River of Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-22, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:12:p:6832-:d:576351
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. A S Shafiuddin Ahmed & Sharmin Sultana & Ahasan Habib & Hadayet Ullah & Najiah Musa & M Belal Hossain & Md Mahfujur Rahman & Md Shafiqul Islam Sarker, 2019. "Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in some commercially important fishes from a tropical river estuary suggests higher potential health risk in children than adults," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(10), pages 1-21, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marcin Herkowiak & Andrzej Osuch & Ewa Osuch & Bogusława Waliszewska & Grzegorz Zając, 2021. "Analysis of the Possibility of Management of Curly-Leaf Pondweed for Energetic Purposes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-14, September.
    2. Md. Nur-E-Alam & Mohammed Abdus Salam & Sanchita Dewanjee & Md. Foysal Hasan & Hafizur Rahman & Aweng Eh Rak & Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam & Md. Yunus Miah, 2022. "Distribution, Concentration, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Surface Sediment of a Tropical Bangladeshi Urban River," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, April.
    3. Ujjayini Priya & Muhammad Anwar Iqbal & Mohammed Abdus Salam & Md. Nur-E-Alam & Mohammed Faruque Uddin & Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam & Showmitra Kumar Sarkar & Saiful Islam Imran & Aweng Eh Rak, 2022. "Sustainable Groundwater Potential Zoning with Integrating GIS, Remote Sensing, and AHP Model: A Case from North-Central Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-24, May.

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