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Water Quality Responses during the Continuous Mixing Process and Informed Management of a Stratified Drinking Water Reservoir

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  • Zizhen Zhou

    (School of Energy and Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China)

  • Tinglin Huang

    (School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China)

  • Weijin Gong

    (School of Energy and Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China)

  • Yang Li

    (School of Energy and Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China)

  • Yue Liu

    (School of Energy and Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China)

  • Shilei Zhou

    (School of Environment Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China)

  • Meiying Cao

    (Shangqiu Kangda Sewage Treatment Co. LTD, Shangqiu 476000, China)

Abstract

Aeration and mixing have been proven as effective in situ water quality improvement methods, particularly for deep drinking water reservoirs. While there is some research on the mechanism of water quality improvement during artificial mixing, the changes to water quality and the microbial community during the subsequent continuous mixing process is little understood. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of water quality improvement during the continuous mixing process in a drinking water reservoir. During this period, we found a reduction in total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium-nitrogen (NH 4 -N), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and total organic carbon (TOC) of 12.5%–30.8%. We also measured reductions of 8.6% and 6.2% in TN and organic carbon (OC), respectively, in surface sediment. Microbial metabolic activity, abundance, and carbon source utilization were also improved. Redundancy analysis indicated that temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) were key factors affecting changes in the microbial community. With intervention, the water temperature during continuous mixing was 15 °C, and the mixing temperature in the reservoir increased by 5 °C compared with natural mixing. Our research shows that integrating and optimizing the artificial and continuous mixing processes influences energy savings. This research provides a theoretical basis for further advancing treatment optimizations for a drinking water supply.

Suggested Citation

  • Zizhen Zhou & Tinglin Huang & Weijin Gong & Yang Li & Yue Liu & Shilei Zhou & Meiying Cao, 2019. "Water Quality Responses during the Continuous Mixing Process and Informed Management of a Stratified Drinking Water Reservoir," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:24:p:7106-:d:296823
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yinglan Xue & Yan Chen & Dan Cui & Yuxi Xie & Weihua Zeng & Jing Zhang, 2019. "Monthly Allocation of Water Resources and Pollutant Loads in a Basin Based on the Water Footprint and Fallback Bargaining," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-23, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yong-Chul Cho & Ho-Yeong Kang & Ju-Yeon Son & Taegu Kang & Jong-Kwon Im, 2023. "The Spatiotemporal Eutrophication Status and Trends in the Paldang Reservoir, Republic of Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Christina Semasinghe & Benny Zuse Rousso, 2023. "In-Lake Mechanisms for Manganese Control—A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-16, May.

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