Urban Tree Pruning as a Stable Biomass Platform for Bioethanol Production: A Year-Round Compositional Characterization Study in Mérida, Mexico

Global energy demand relies heavily on fossil fuels, which produce greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, municipal solid waste, driven by population growth, represents another source of emissions. In Mexico, organic waste contributes 61 million tons of CO 2 eq annually due to inadequate disposal. In Mérida, Yucatan, over 231,000 tons of organic waste are generated yearly, including Urban Tree Pruning (UTP) from 760 public spaces—a significant, undervalued lignocellulosic resource. This study presents a comprehensive, year-round compositional characterization of Mérida’s UTP to establish its chemical profile and assess its seasonal stability as a precursor for bio-based products (i.e., bioethanol). Characterizing local and stable feedstocks, such as UTP, is a fundamental step to enabling Mexico’s compliance with biofuel policies like the 5.8% gasoline blend mandate (NOM-016-CRE) and the Alcohol-to-Jet strategy, supporting progress toward SDGs 7, 11, and 13. Based on a stratified random sampling, monthly analysis (May 2024–April 2025) revealed a consistent biochemical profile with mean annual contents of 23.32% lignin and 62.46% holocellulose. Statistical analysis (Tukey’s test) confirmed its structural homogeneity throughout the year. This uniformity is a key operational attribute, as it allows for the use of standardized industrial pretreatment parameters. Furthermore, the characterized composition supports a theoretical ethanol yield of 170 g/kg of dry biomass, a value competitive with traditional feedstocks like sugarcane bagasse. Consequently, Mérida’s UTP is characterized as a reliable and consistent biomass resource, supporting a transition from linear waste disposal to a circular bioeconomy model.