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Application of Metallic Iron and Ferrates in Water and Wastewater Treatment for Cr(VI) and Organic Contaminants Removal

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  • Georgios Samiotis

    (Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Water and Wastewater Treatment, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kila University Campus, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece)

  • Adam Stimoniaris

    (Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Water and Wastewater Treatment, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kila University Campus, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece)

  • Ilias Ristanis

    (Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Water and Wastewater Treatment, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kila University Campus, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece)

  • Liana Kemmou

    (Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Water and Wastewater Treatment, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kila University Campus, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece)

  • Charoula Mavromatidou

    (Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Water and Wastewater Treatment, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kila University Campus, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece)

  • Elisavet Amanatidou

    (Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Water and Wastewater Treatment, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kila University Campus, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece)

Abstract

Iron species can act as electron donors, electron acceptors or serve as a sorbent to co-precipitate contaminants. These properties, along with its relatively low cost as a material, make iron an ideal compound for environmental applications in the removal of pollutants from water and wastewater. This study assesses the use of metallic iron as a reductant for the removal of toxic Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions, as well as the use of hexavalent iron (ferrates) for the removal of organic compounds, turbidity and biological contaminants from water and wastewater. Laboratory-scale experiments show that the Cr(VI) removal efficiency of metallic iron filling materials, such as scrap iron fillings, via reduction to Cr(III) and the subsequent precipitation/filtration of aggregates can reach values over 99.0%. Moreover, the efficiency of ferrates, in situ synthesized via a low-cost Fe 0 /Fe 0 electrochemical cell, in the removal of organic compounds, turbidity and biological contaminants from high-strength industrial wastewater, biologically treated wastewater and natural water can also reach values over 99.0%. The results showed that iron species can be applied in low-cost and environmentally friendly technologies for natural water remediation and wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the study showed that the challenge of an iron material’s surface passivation, as well as of ferrates’ procurement cost and stability, can be resolved via the application of ultrasounds and via in situ ferrate electrosynthesis.

Suggested Citation

  • Georgios Samiotis & Adam Stimoniaris & Ilias Ristanis & Liana Kemmou & Charoula Mavromatidou & Elisavet Amanatidou, 2023. "Application of Metallic Iron and Ferrates in Water and Wastewater Treatment for Cr(VI) and Organic Contaminants Removal," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:39-:d:1102254
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Elham Naseri & Arnaud Igor Ndé-Tchoupé & Hezron T. Mwakabona & Charles Péguy Nanseu-Njiki & Chicgoua Noubactep & Karoli N. Njau & Kerstin D. Wydra, 2017. "Making Fe 0 -Based Filters a Universal Solution for Safe Drinking Water Provision," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-32, July.
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