Hierarchical Fuzzy-Adaptive Position Control of an Active Mass Damper for Enhanced Structural Vibration Suppression

This paper presents the formulation and simulation-based validation of a novel hierarchical fuzzy-adaptive Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) control framework for a rectilinear active mass damper, designed to enhance vibration suppression in structural applications. The proposed scheme utilizes a Linear–Quadratic Regulator (LQR)-optimized PID controller as the baseline regulator. To address the limitations of this baseline PID controller under varying seismic excitations, an auxiliary fuzzy adaptation layer is integrated to adjust the state-weighting matrices of the LQR performance index dynamically. The online modification of the state weightages alters the Riccati equation’s solution, thereby updating the PID gains at each sampling instant. The fuzzy adaptive mechanism modulates the said weighting parameters as nonlinear functions of the classical displacement error and normalized acceleration. Normalized acceleration provides fast, scalable, and effective feedback for vibration mitigation in structural control using AMDs. By incorporating the system’s normalized acceleration into the adaptation scheme, the controller achieves improved self-tuning, allowing it to respond efficiently and effectively to changing conditions. The hierarchical design enables robust real-time PID gain adaptation while maintaining the controller’s asymptotic stability. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is validated through customized MATLAB/SIMULINK-based simulations. Results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive PID controller significantly outperforms the baseline PID controller in mitigating structural vibrations during seismic events, confirming its suitability for intelligent structural control applications.