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Two-Dimensional Correlation Analysis of Periodicity in Noisy Series: Case of VLF Signal Amplitude Variations in the Time Vicinity of an Earthquake

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  • Andjelka B. Kovačević

    (Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
    Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Aleksandra Nina

    (Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Luka Č. Popović

    (Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
    Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
    Astronomical Observatory, Volgina 7, 11160 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Milan Radovanović

    (Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijić SASA, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
    Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia)

Abstract

Extraction of information in the form of oscillations from noisy data of natural phenomena such as sounds, earthquakes, ionospheric and brain activity, and various emissions from cosmic objects is extremely difficult. As a method for finding periodicity in such challenging data sets, the 2D Hybrid approach, which employs wavelets, is presented. Our technique produces a wavelet transform correlation intensity contour map for two (or one) time series on a period plane defined by two independent period axes. Notably, by spreading peaks across the second dimension, our method improves the apparent resolution of detected oscillations in the period plane and identifies the direction of signal changes using correlation coefficients. We demonstrate the performance of the 2D Hybrid technique on a very low frequency (VLF) signal emitted in Italy and recorded in Serbia in time vicinity of the occurrence of an earthquake on 3 November 2010, near Kraljevo, Serbia. We identified a distinct signal in the range of 120–130 s that appears only in association with the considered earthquake. Other wavelets, such as Superlets, which may detect fast transient oscillations, will be employed in future analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Andjelka B. Kovačević & Aleksandra Nina & Luka Č. Popović & Milan Radovanović, 2022. "Two-Dimensional Correlation Analysis of Periodicity in Noisy Series: Case of VLF Signal Amplitude Variations in the Time Vicinity of an Earthquake," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(22), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:22:p:4278-:d:973781
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vasile V. Moca & Harald Bârzan & Adriana Nagy-Dăbâcan & Raul C. Mureșan, 2021. "Time-frequency super-resolution with superlets," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-18, December.
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