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The Symbiotic Adaptive Relationship and Interactive Responses Between Sustainable Tourism Development and Land Use Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from China

Author

Listed:
  • Ning Wang

    (School of Economics and Management, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China)

  • Gangmin Weng

    (School of Economics and Management, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China)

Abstract

The adaptive and coordinated development of sustainable tourism and land-use efficiency is of great significance to regional sustainable development. Taking China as the study area, this research employs methods such as the CRITIC weighting method, the super-efficiency SBM model, the adaptive model and the PVAR model to examine the Spatio-temporal evolution, adaptive relationship and interactive responses between the levels of sustainable tourism and land-use efficiency across China’s 31 provinces from 2013 to 2023. The study found that: (1) The level of sustainable tourism exhibits a fluctuating upward trend. The development level in the eastern and central regions is higher than in the western and northeastern regions. Land use efficiency, with 2015 as a turning point, first declined and then fluctuated upwards. Regions with high efficiency are concentrated around Beijing and Shanghai. (2) The adaptive development between sustainable tourism and land-use efficiency is positive, with the eastern and central regions exhibiting a higher degree of adaptation than the western and northeastern regions. (3) Sustainable tourism and land-use efficiency exhibit a bidirectional interactive relationship, with each serving as a Granger cause for the other. The impact of sustainable tourism on land-use efficiency is greater than that of land-use efficiency on sustainable tourism.

Suggested Citation

  • Ning Wang & Gangmin Weng, 2026. "The Symbiotic Adaptive Relationship and Interactive Responses Between Sustainable Tourism Development and Land Use Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from China," Land, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-25, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:15:y:2026:i:6:p:1027-:d:1964365
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