Building-Scale Accessibility Assessment of Sports Facilities: A Spatial Equity Perspective

Equitable access to sports facilities is essential for promoting residents’ well-being, yet existing studies mostly rely on large spatial analytical units, limiting the ability to identify intra-unit disparities in accessibility and equity. This study develops a building-scale framework for assessing sports facility accessibility from a spatial equity perspective, incorporating building volume-weighted population distribution and quantification of multi-type facility service capacity for precise demand and supply estimation. Taking the Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, as the study area, the study assesses the accessibility of residential buildings using the Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (G2SFCA) method and evaluates spatial equity using the Lorenz curve and local Moran’s I. Results indicate a moderate level of equity in overall facility provision (Gini coefficient = 0.288), alongside substantial inter-type disparities, with Gini coefficients ranging from 0.330 to 0.800. Accessibility clusters exhibit pronounced scale variability, ranging from a few buildings to hundreds of buildings, with small clusters embedded within larger clusters of opposite accessibility. These fine-grained patterns are largely obscured in conventional aggregated-unit analyses, underscoring the necessity of building-scale assessment. Results provide a basis for precise allocation of both facility quantity and facility types, supporting efficient decision-making for urban planning and management.