Assessing Land Use and Urban Form Effects on Summer Air Temperatures Using a City-Wide Environmental Sensor Network in Seoul, South Korea

Climate change intensifies the challenge of elevated temperatures in dense urban areas, notably in Seoul, South Korea. This study investigates the effects of land use and urban form on summer air temperatures by leveraging Seoul’s city-wide Smart Seoul Data of Things sensor network. Using spatial regression models and temperature data collected during July and August 2021, the analysis identifies key environmental factors associated with urban heat dynamics. The results show that medium- and high-density residential areas, industrial zones, and roads consistently increase temperatures, while greenery, taller buildings, and greater urban porosity contribute to cooling effects. The findings highlight the need for urban planning strategies that expand green spaces, promote vertical development with attention to ventilation, and reconfigure built environments to enhance thermal comfort. This study provides robust empirical insights and offers evidence-based recommendations for climate-responsive urban planning and policies in Seoul and similar high-density cities worldwide.