The Relationship of Forest Fragmentation to Scots Pine Forest Mortality

Forest mortality (FM) is influenced by several independent factors, including forest fragmentation (FF) at different spatial scales and multi-scales, site conditions, and stand characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship and effect of FF at various spatial scales on the probability of Scots pine FM. The presented study also analyzed the relationship of the multi-scale fragmentation index effect on forest dieback. The relationship between multiple stressors emphasizes the distinct role of FF in influencing pine FM probability. Data on forest cover, deadwood volume of Scots pine forest, and environmental variables were obtained from the Forest Information System for Europe, the Polish National Forest Inventory, and existing databases, respectively. A generalized additive model approach was used to develop models. The results showed that, at small (50–600 m), large (800–3000 m), and multi spatial scales, the FF effect on Scots pine FM probabilities was statistically significant. There is a partial effect of multi-scale fragmentation on the probability of Scots pine FM, given a holistic view of the fragmentation effect that captures both small and large-scale effects. The study concludes that to calculate FF for a particular area, analyzing different scales and capturing multi-scale level fragmentation indices is crucial to studying the cumulative effect of fragmentation on the probability of Scots pine FM.