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Disparities in the Health Benefits of Urban Green/Blue Space: A Case Study from Shandong Province, China

Author

Listed:
  • Xinrui Wang

    (College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, No. 100, Zhongguancun North Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Jian Lin

    (College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, No. 100, Zhongguancun North Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Xuemeng Sun

    (College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, No. 100, Zhongguancun North Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Yutong Zhang

    (College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, No. 100, Zhongguancun North Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Hiutung Wong

    (College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, No. 100, Zhongguancun North Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Libin Ouyang

    (College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, No. 100, Zhongguancun North Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Lin Liu

    (Institute of Governance, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Ave., Qingdao 266237, China)

  • Longfeng Wu

    (College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, No. 100, Zhongguancun North Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China)

Abstract

This study examined the relationships between different types of urban green and blue space (UGS/UBS) and self-reported health (SRH), and the disparities in the health benefits associated with them. Using data from a social survey in Shandong Province and multi-source data including remote sensing land use and vector polygons of parks from map service providers, we measured the proximity and coverage ratio of various UGS/UBS types. The Euclidean distance measures the proximity of homes to parks and rivers. The coverage ratio measures the total green space, forests, grassland, and freshwater. The health benefits were gauged by SRH. We found that the proximity to parks and rivers had a positive influence on the SRH of all the respondents. For the elderly, the proximity to parks and the coverage ratio of total green space and grassland within a 0.5 km circular buffer were significantly associated with SRH. The coverage ratio of the total green space and grassland both had positive relationships with the SRH of the high-income groups. The closer they were to rivers, the healthier the youth and females were. Our results suggest that urban planners should take the types of UGS/UBS into account to create a better living environment that optimally benefits residents’ SRH.

Suggested Citation

  • Xinrui Wang & Jian Lin & Xuemeng Sun & Yutong Zhang & Hiutung Wong & Libin Ouyang & Lin Liu & Longfeng Wu, 2023. "Disparities in the Health Benefits of Urban Green/Blue Space: A Case Study from Shandong Province, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:900-:d:1125868
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chensong Lin & Longfeng Wu, 2021. "Green and Blue Space Availability and Self-Rated Health among Seniors in China: Evidence from a National Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Chongxian Chen & Weijing Luo & Haiwei Li & Danting Zhang & Ning Kang & Xiaohao Yang & Yu Xia, 2020. "Impact of Perception of Green Space for Health Promotion on Willingness to Use Parks and Actual Use among Young Urban Residents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-21, August.
    3. Craig Bullock, 2008. "Valuing Urban Green Space: Hypothetical Alternatives and the Status Quo," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(1), pages 15-35.
    4. Amirafshar Vaeztavakoli & Azadeh Lak & Tan Yigitcanlar, 2018. "Blue and Green Spaces as Therapeutic Landscapes: Health Effects of Urban Water Canal Areas of Isfahan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-20, November.
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