Spatial–Temporal Evolution and Correlation Analysis of Human Activity Intensity and Resource Carrying Capacity in the Region around Poyang Lake, China, from 2010 to 2020

To explore the influence of human activities on natural resources and the correlation between these two characteristics, taking the region around Poyang Lake in China as the research area. Utilizing data from 2010, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2020, including remote sensing, gross domestic product (GDP), and population density data, the human activity intensity (HAI) and resource carrying capacity (RCC) were calculated using relevant models. Analyzing the dynamic change characteristics, the temporal and spatial correlations, and the interaction between the two aspects, bivariate spatial autocorrelation and other methods were used. The results show that: (1) from 2010 to 2020, there was a significant increasing trend in the HAI, while the RCC remained at a generally stable level. (2) In both the temporal and spatial dimensions, there was a certain positive correlation between the HAI and RCC. Their interaction, however, is primarily based on the intrinsic resources and human activity factors within each region, with limited observable factor flow between regions. (3) Regions with the medium level of HAI have greater development potential. The results are expected to enrich the research on human activities and natural resources in the region around Poyang Lake in China and provide a reference for relevant planning.