Author
Listed:
- Khawlah Harasheh
(Department of Information Systems, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College, Richmond, VA 23228, USA)
- Satinder Gill
(Department of Electrical Engineering, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College, Richmond, VA 23228, USA)
- Kendra Brinkley
(Department of Electrical Engineering, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College, Richmond, VA 23228, USA)
- Salah Garada
(Department of Electrical Engineering, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College, Richmond, VA 23228, USA)
- Dindin Aro Roque
(Department of Information Systems, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College, Richmond, VA 23228, USA)
- Hayat MacHrouhi
(Department of Information Systems, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College, Richmond, VA 23228, USA)
- Janera Manning-Kuzmanovski
(Department of Information Systems, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College, Richmond, VA 23228, USA)
- Jesus Marin-Leal
(Department of Electrical Engineering, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College, Richmond, VA 23228, USA)
- Melissa Isabelle Arganda-Villapando
(Department of Information Systems, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College, Richmond, VA 23228, USA)
- Sayed Ahmad Shah Sekandary
(Department of Information Systems, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College, Richmond, VA 23228, USA)
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly deployed at the edge under resource and environmental constraints, which limits the practicality of traditional intrusion detection systems (IDSs) on IoT hardware. This paper presents two IDS configurations. First, we develop a baseline IDS with fixed hyperparameters, achieving 99.20% accuracy and ~0.002 ms/sample inference latency on a desktop machine; this configuration is suitable for high-performance platforms but is not intended for constrained IoT deployment. Second, we propose a lightweight, edge-oriented IDS that applies ANOVA-based filter feature selection and uses a genetic algorithm (GA) for the bounded hyperparameter tuning of the classifier under stratified cross-validation, enabling efficient execution on Raspberry Pi-class devices. The lightweight IDS achieves 98.95% accuracy with ~4.3 ms/sample end-to-end inference latency on Raspberry Pi while detecting both low-volume and high-volume (DoS/DDoS) attacks. Experiments are conducted in a Raspberry Pi-based real lab using an up-to-date mixed-modal dataset combining system/network telemetry and heterogeneous physical sensors. Overall, the proposed framework demonstrates a practical, hardware-aware, and reproducible way to balance detection performance and edge-level latency using established techniques for real-world IoT IDS deployment.
Suggested Citation
Khawlah Harasheh & Satinder Gill & Kendra Brinkley & Salah Garada & Dindin Aro Roque & Hayat MacHrouhi & Janera Manning-Kuzmanovski & Jesus Marin-Leal & Melissa Isabelle Arganda-Villapando & Sayed Ahm, 2026.
"Dual-Optimized Genetic Algorithm for Edge-Ready IoT Intrusion Detection on Raspberry Pi,"
J, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-21, January.
Handle:
RePEc:gam:jjopen:v:9:y:2026:i:1:p:3-:d:1848397
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