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Determinants of Organophosphorus Pesticide Urinary Metabolite Levels in Young Children Living in an Agricultural Community

Author

Listed:
  • Asa Bradman

    (Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

  • Rosemary Castorina

    (Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

  • Dana Boyd Barr

    (Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA)

  • Jonathan Chevrier

    (Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

  • Martha E. Harnly

    (Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA 94804, USA)

  • Ellen A. Eisen

    (Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
    Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
    Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA)

  • Thomas E. McKone

    (Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

  • Kim Harley

    (Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

  • Nina Holland

    (Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

  • Brenda Eskenazi

    (Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

Abstract

Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides are used in agriculture and several are registered for home use. As young children age they may experience different pesticide exposures due to varying diet, behavior, and other factors. We measured six OP dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites (three dimethyl alkylphosphates (DMAP) and three diethyl alkylphosphates (DEAP)) in urine samples collected from ~400 children living in an agricultural community when they were 6, 12, and 24 months old. We examined bivariate associations between DAP metabolite levels and determinants such as age, diet, season, and parent occupation. To evaluate independent impacts, we then used generalized linear mixed multivariable models including interaction terms with age. The final models indicated that DMAP metabolite levels increased with age. DMAP levels were also positively associated with daily servings of produce at 6- and 24-months. Among the 6-month olds, DMAP metabolite levels were higher when samples were collected during the summer/spring versus the winter/fall months. Among the 12-month olds, DMAP and DEAP metabolites were higher when children lived ≤60 meters from an agricultural field. Among the 24-month-olds, DEAP metabolite levels were higher during the summer/spring months. Our findings suggest that there are multiple determinants of OP pesticide exposures, notably dietary intake and temporal and spatial proximity to agricultural use. The impact of these determinants varied by age and class of DAP metabolite.

Suggested Citation

  • Asa Bradman & Rosemary Castorina & Dana Boyd Barr & Jonathan Chevrier & Martha E. Harnly & Ellen A. Eisen & Thomas E. McKone & Kim Harley & Nina Holland & Brenda Eskenazi, 2011. "Determinants of Organophosphorus Pesticide Urinary Metabolite Levels in Young Children Living in an Agricultural Community," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-23, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:8:y:2011:i:4:p:1061-1083:d:11997
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Liza Oates & Marc Cohen, 2011. "Assessing Diet as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Pesticide Exposure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-13, May.
    2. Mathuramat Seesen & Roberto G. Lucchini & Somkiat Siriruttanapruk & Ratana Sapbamrer & Surat Hongsibsong & Susan Woskie & Pornpimol Kongtip, 2020. "Association between Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Insulin Resistance in Pesticide Sprayers and Nonfarmworkers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-13, November.

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