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Indirect Potable Reuse: A Sustainable Water Supply Alternative

Author

Listed:
  • Clemencia Rodriguez

    (School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, (M431) Crawley WA 6009 Western Australia, Australia)

  • Paul Van Buynder

    (Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Grace Vaughan House 227 Stubbs Terrace, Shenton Park, WA 6008 Western Australia, Australia)

  • Richard Lugg

    (Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Grace Vaughan House 227 Stubbs Terrace, Shenton Park, WA 6008 Western Australia, Australia)

  • Palenque Blair

    (Water Corporation, Western Australia, 629 Newcastle Street, Leederville, Perth WA 6007 Western Australia, Australia)

  • Brian Devine

    (School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, (M431) Crawley WA 6009 Western Australia, Australia)

  • Angus Cook

    (School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, (M431) Crawley WA 6009 Western Australia, Australia)

  • Philip Weinstein

    (School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, (M431) Crawley WA 6009 Western Australia, Australia)

Abstract

The growing scarcity of potable water supplies is among the most important issues facing many cities, in particular those using single sources of water that are climate dependent. Consequently, urban centers are looking to alternative sources of water supply that can supplement variable rainfall and meet the demands of population growth. A diversified portfolio of water sources is required to ensure public health, as well as social, economical and environmental sustainability. One of the options considered is the augmentation of drinking water supplies with advanced treated recycled water. This paper aims to provide a state of the art review of water recycling for drinking purposes with emphasis on membrane treatment processes. An overview of significant indirect potable reuse projects is presented followed by a description of the epidemiological and toxicological studies evaluating any potential human health impacts. Finally, a summary of key operational measures to protect human health and the areas that require further research are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Clemencia Rodriguez & Paul Van Buynder & Richard Lugg & Palenque Blair & Brian Devine & Angus Cook & Philip Weinstein, 2009. "Indirect Potable Reuse: A Sustainable Water Supply Alternative," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-30, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:6:y:2009:i:3:p:1174-1203:d:4289
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Eleonora Santos & Milena Carvalho & Susana Martins, 2023. "Sustainable Water Management: Understanding the Socioeconomic and Cultural Dimensions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-21, August.
    2. Miklas Scholz, 2009. "Sustainability: Environmental Studies and Public Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 6(10), pages 1-3, October.
    3. Miguel Borja Bernabé-Crespo & Hugo Loáiciga, 2024. "Managing Potable Water in Southeastern Spain, Los Angeles, and Sydney: Transcontinental Approaches to Overcome Water Scarcity," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 38(4), pages 1299-1313, March.

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