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Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Heavy Metal Levels as Indicators of Environmental Pollution in African Cat Fish ( Clarias gariepinus ) from Nigeria Ogun River

Author

Listed:
  • E. O. Farombi

    (Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria)

  • O. A. Adelowo

    (Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria)

  • Y. R. Ajimoko

    (Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria)

Abstract

Levels of Zn, Cu, Cd, As, and Pb in the kidney, Liver, Gills and Heart of African cat fish ( Clarias gariepinus ) from the Ogun River in Ogun State located close to six major industries in the South Western part of Nigeria, were determined using Bulk Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Fishes were also collected from Government owned fish farm in Agodi, Ibadan which was considered a reference site. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH) concentration and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation were also determined. The trend of accumulation of the metals in the organs is as follows: Heart - Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd; Gills - Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > As; Kidney - Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd; Liver -Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd. The order of concentration of the metals in the organs is as follows: Arsenite - Kidney > Liver > Gills > Heart; Zinc - Gills > Liver > Kidney > Heart; Lead- Liver > Kidney > Gills > Heart; Copper- Kidney > Liver > Gills > Heart; Cadmium > Liver > Gills > Kidney > Heart. The levels of heavy metals ranged between 0.25-8.96 ppm in the heart, 0.69- 19.05 ppm in the kidneys, 2.10-19.75 ppm in the liver and 1.95-20.35 ppm in the gills. SOD activity increased by 61% in the liver, 50% in the kidney and in the heart by 28 % while a significant decrease (44%) was observed in the gill of Clarias gariepinus from Ogun river compared to that Agodi fish farm (P Clarias gariepinus from Ogun river increased by 62%, 72% and 37% respectively (P Clarias gariepinus were significantly (P Clarias gariepinus from Ogun River. The study therefore provides a rational use of biomarkers of oxidative stress in biomonitoring of aquatic pollution.

Suggested Citation

  • E. O. Farombi & O. A. Adelowo & Y. R. Ajimoko, 2007. "Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Heavy Metal Levels as Indicators of Environmental Pollution in African Cat Fish ( Clarias gariepinus ) from Nigeria Ogun River," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 4(2), pages 1-8, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:4:y:2007:i:2:p:158-165:d:2338
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Athanasia K. Tolkou & Dimitra K. Toubanaki & George Z. Kyzas, 2023. "Detection of Arsenic, Chromium, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury in Fish: Effects on the Sustainable and Healthy Development of Aquatic Life and Human Consumers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-17, November.
    2. Elica Valkova & Vasil Atanasov & Milena Tzanova & Stefka Atanassova & Ivaylo Sirakov & Katya Velichkova & Margarita H. Marinova & Kristian Yakimov, 2022. "Content of Pb and Zn in Sediments and Hydrobionts as Ecological Markers for Pollution Assessment of Freshwater Objects in Bulgaria—A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-25, August.
    3. Xuekui Niu & Minting Li & Hongbin Wang & Liping Ma & Shuting Wang & Tao Zhou & Wei Wang, 2022. "Historical Lead Smelting Slag Harmlessness and Valuable Metals Recovery: A Co-Treatment of Lead Slag and Zinc-Bearing Material in Rotary Kiln," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Débora M. S. Santos & Mércia Regina S. Melo & Denise Carla S. Mendes & Iolanda Karoline B. S. Rocha & Jakeline Priscila L. Silva & Sildiane M. Cantanhêde & Paulo C. Meletti, 2014. "Histological Changes in Gills of Two Fish Species as Indicators of Water Quality in Jansen Lagoon (São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-11, December.

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