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Social Determinants of Substance Use in Black Adults with Criminal Justice Contact: Do Sex, Stressors, and Sleep Matter?

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  • Paul Archibald

    (Department of Social Work, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Dasha Rhodes

    (School of Social Work, College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Sarasota, FL 33620, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Roland Thorpe

    (Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Program for Research on Men’s Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Substance use is a critical public health issue in the U.S., with Black communities, particularly those with criminal justice contact, disproportionately affected. Chronic exposure to stressors can lead to substance use as a coping strategy. This study used data from 1476 Black adults with criminal justice involvement from the National Survey of American Life to examine how psychosocial stress and sleep disturbances relate to lifetime substance use and to determine if there are any sex differences. Sex-separate generalized linear models for a Poisson distribution with a log-link function estimated prevalence ratios and adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) for lifetime alcohol abuse, lifetime cigarette, and marijuana use. Independent variables include stressors (family, person, neighborhood, financial, and work-related) and sleep problems, with covariates such as age, SES, and marital status. Lifetime alcohol abuse was associated with family stressors (APR = 2.72) and sleep problems (APR = 3.36) for males, and financial stressors (APR = 2.75) and sleep problems (APR = 2.24) for females. Cigarette use was linked to family stressors (APR = 1.73) for males and work stressors (APR = 1.78) for females. Marijuana use was associated with family stressors (APR = 2.31) and sleep problems (APR = 2.07) for males, and neighborhood stressors (APR = 1.72) for females. Lifetime alcohol abuse, as well as lifetime cigarette and marijuana use, was uniquely associated with various psychosocial stressors among Black adult males and females with criminal justice contact. These findings highlight the role of structural inequities in shaping substance use and support using a Social Determinants of Health framework to address addiction in this population.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul Archibald & Dasha Rhodes & Roland Thorpe, 2025. "Social Determinants of Substance Use in Black Adults with Criminal Justice Contact: Do Sex, Stressors, and Sleep Matter?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(8), pages 1-14, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:22:y:2025:i:8:p:1176-:d:1710239
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    References listed on IDEAS

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