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Protective Factors for Vocal Health in Teachers: The Role of Singing, Voice Training, and Self-Efficacy

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  • Nora Jander

    (Freiburg Institute for Musicians’ Medicine, University of Music Freiburg, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine–University of Freiburg, Freiburg Centre for Music Research and Teaching, Elsässerstr. 4 d, 79110 Freiburg, Germany)

  • Nico Hutter

    (Freiburg Institute for Musicians’ Medicine, University of Music Freiburg, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine–University of Freiburg, Freiburg Centre for Music Research and Teaching, Elsässerstr. 4 d, 79110 Freiburg, Germany)

  • Thomas Mueller

    (Freiburg Institute for Musicians’ Medicine, University of Music Freiburg, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine–University of Freiburg, Freiburg Centre for Music Research and Teaching, Elsässerstr. 4 d, 79110 Freiburg, Germany)

  • Anna Immerz

    (Freiburg Institute for Musicians’ Medicine, University of Music Freiburg, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine–University of Freiburg, Freiburg Centre for Music Research and Teaching, Elsässerstr. 4 d, 79110 Freiburg, Germany)

  • Fiona Stritt

    (Freiburg Institute for Musicians’ Medicine, University of Music Freiburg, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine–University of Freiburg, Freiburg Centre for Music Research and Teaching, Elsässerstr. 4 d, 79110 Freiburg, Germany)

  • Louisa Traser

    (Freiburg Institute for Musicians’ Medicine, University of Music Freiburg, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine–University of Freiburg, Freiburg Centre for Music Research and Teaching, Elsässerstr. 4 d, 79110 Freiburg, Germany)

  • Claudia Spahn

    (Freiburg Institute for Musicians’ Medicine, University of Music Freiburg, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine–University of Freiburg, Freiburg Centre for Music Research and Teaching, Elsässerstr. 4 d, 79110 Freiburg, Germany)

  • Bernhard Richter

    (Freiburg Institute for Musicians’ Medicine, University of Music Freiburg, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine–University of Freiburg, Freiburg Centre for Music Research and Teaching, Elsässerstr. 4 d, 79110 Freiburg, Germany)

Abstract

Voice disorders occur frequently in schoolteachers. The aim of the present cross-sectional study involving 124 German teachers was to investigate whether singing, voice training, and high self-efficacy are protective factors for vocal health. Furthermore, vocal self-concept was examined as a potential mediator explaining this relationship. Participants were assigned to the cases group if they had a clinically significant finding in voice examinations consisting of video laryngoscopy (VLS), auditory assessment (RBH), and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) were assigned to the cases group. Psychosocial assessments comprised questions about singing activities and participation in voice training as well as validated questionnaires regarding self-efficacy (LSWS) and vocal self-concept (FESS). Group comparisons and mediation analyses were conducted. Analyses revealed a decreased risk of voice problems for teachers who sing regularly (OR: 0.442, p = 0.038). Furthermore, the absence of voice problems was associated significantly with higher self-efficacy ratings (t(113) = 1.71, p = 0.045). Both associations were mediated by vocal self-concept ratings (singing: ab = −0.422, 95%-CI [−1.102, −0.037]; self-efficacy: ab = −0.075, 95%-CI [−0.155, −0.022]). Participation in voice training in the past did not reduce the risk of voice problems significantly. The presented data suggest that regular singing and self-efficacy should be promoted in health care and prevention programs. Since no impact of sporadic participation in voice training activities on the occurrence of voice problems was found, efforts regarding the transfer of regular vocal exercises into daily life need to be intensified.

Suggested Citation

  • Nora Jander & Nico Hutter & Thomas Mueller & Anna Immerz & Fiona Stritt & Louisa Traser & Claudia Spahn & Bernhard Richter, 2025. "Protective Factors for Vocal Health in Teachers: The Role of Singing, Voice Training, and Self-Efficacy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(7), pages 1-12, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:22:y:2025:i:7:p:1018-:d:1688890
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    1. Davidson, Russell & MacKinnon, James G., 1993. "Estimation and Inference in Econometrics," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195060119, Decembrie.
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