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Evaluation of the Performance of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria Diagnosis and Mapping of Different Plasmodium Species in Mali

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  • Pascal Dembélé

    (Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU), Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
    Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
    Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Bamako BP 233, Mali)

  • Mady Cissoko

    (Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Bamako BP 233, Mali
    Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako BP 1805, Mali)

  • Adama Zan Diarra

    (Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU), Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
    Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France)

  • Lassana Doumbia

    (Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU), Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
    Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée (LBMA), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Badalabougou, Bamako BP 423, Mali)

  • Aïssata Koné

    (Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée (LBMA), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Badalabougou, Bamako BP 423, Mali)

  • Mahamadou H. Magassa

    (Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Bamako BP 233, Mali)

  • Maissane Mehadji

    (Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU), Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
    Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France)

  • Mahamadou A. Thera

    (Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako BP 1805, Mali)

  • Stéphane Ranque

    (Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU), Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France)

Abstract

Background: The first-line diagnosis of malaria in Mali is based on the use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) that detect the Histidin Rich Protein 2 (HRP2) antigen specific to Plasmodium falciparum . Our study, based on a real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) gold standard, aimed to describe the distribution of the Plasmodium species in each administrative region of Mali and to assess the performance of RDTs. Methods: We randomly selected 150 malaria-negative and up to 30 malaria-positive RDTs in 41 sites distributed in 9 regions of Mali. DNA extracted from the RDT nitrocellulose strip was assayed with a pan- Plasmodium qPCR. Positive samples were then analyzed with P. falciparum -, P. malariae -, P. vivax -, or P. ovale -specific qPCRs. Results: Of the 1496 RDTs, 258 (18.6%) were positive for Plasmodium spp., of which 96.9% were P. falciparum . The P. vivax prevalence reached 21.1% in the north. RDT displayed acceptable diagnostic indices; the lower CI95% bounds of Youden indices were all ≥0.50, except in the north (Youden index 0.66 (95% CI [0.44–0.82]) and 0.63 (95% CI [0.33–0.83]. Conclusions: Overall, RDT diagnostic indices are adequate for the biological diagnosis of malaria in Mali. We recommend the use of RDTs detecting P. vivax -specific antigens in the north.

Suggested Citation

  • Pascal Dembélé & Mady Cissoko & Adama Zan Diarra & Lassana Doumbia & Aïssata Koné & Mahamadou H. Magassa & Maissane Mehadji & Mahamadou A. Thera & Stéphane Ranque, 2024. "Evaluation of the Performance of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria Diagnosis and Mapping of Different Plasmodium Species in Mali," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(2), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:2:p:228-:d:1339412
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gavin G. Rutledge & Ulrike Böhme & Mandy Sanders & Adam J. Reid & James A. Cotton & Oumou Maiga-Ascofare & Abdoulaye A. Djimdé & Tobias O. Apinjoh & Lucas Amenga-Etego & Magnus Manske & John W. Barnwe, 2017. "Plasmodium malariae and P. ovale genomes provide insights into malaria parasite evolution," Nature, Nature, vol. 542(7639), pages 101-104, February.
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