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Managing Accident Prevention in Ski Resorts: Participants’ Actual Velocities in Slow Zones

Author

Listed:
  • Luis Carus

    (Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Xhevrije Mamaqi-Kapllani

    (Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

Abstract

Velocity is one of the main factors affecting the kinematic of snow sports’ accidents and the severity of resulting injuries. The aims of the present study were to measure the actual maximum velocities attained by a sample of snow sports participants in slow zones, to compare them to the recommended velocity limits and to assess whether their velocities were in any way related to their personal characteristics and to environmental conditions. Data were drawn from a sample of 1023 recreational skiers and snowboarders during the 2021–2022 winter season at four ski resorts located in the Spanish Pyrenees. Maximum velocity measurements were taken by the authors with a radar speed gun whose precision had been previously validated. Bivariate analysis tests were used to compare the influence that personal characteristics and environmental conditions had on the participants’ maximum velocities. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis was performed. The binary logistic regression was used to distinguish the categories of personal and environmental factors that have the highest probabilities of impact on different segments of velocity. As generally accepted, probability values were two-tailed, and values of 0.05 or less were regarded as statistically significant. Participants’ mean measured maximum velocity (±SD) was 51.61 (±16.14) km/h. A vast majority of the participants in this study traveled in slow zones at actual maximum velocities well over the recommended limits. Multivariate analysis showed that modality and both environmental conditions (visibility and snow quality) were highly significant and can be used to explain the chances of an increase in velocity in slow zones. Further research is needed to investigate causal relationships between skiers and snowboarders’ accidents, injuries and disrespect for velocity limits.

Suggested Citation

  • Luis Carus & Xhevrije Mamaqi-Kapllani, 2023. "Managing Accident Prevention in Ski Resorts: Participants’ Actual Velocities in Slow Zones," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(7), pages 1-12, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:7:p:5302-:d:1110457
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Luis Carus & Isabel Castillo, 2020. "Snowboarders’ Knowledge of the FIS Rules for Conduct on Ski Slopes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-9, January.
    2. Luis Carus & Isabel Castillo, 2021. "Injury prevention: Individual factors affecting adult recreational snowboarders’ actual and estimated speeds on regular slopes," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(2), pages 1-11, February.
    3. Luis Carus & Isabel Castillo, 2021. "Managing risk in ski resorts: Environmental factors affecting actual and estimated speed on signposted groomed slopes in a cohort of adult recreational alpine skiers," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(8), pages 1-13, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ayana Yangutova & Suocheng Dong & Hao Cheng & Shuangjie Xu & Fujia Li & Zehong Li & Menghan Zhang & Jingwen Li & Tcogto Bazarzhapov & Tamir Boldanov, 2023. "Assessing the Competitiveness of the Ski Resources around Lake Baikal (Russia) and Measures for Their Further Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-21, July.

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