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Characterization of Static Strength, Vertical Jumping, and Isokinetic Strength in Soccer Players According to Age, Competitive Level, and Field Position

Author

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  • João Nuno Gouveia

    (Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
    Marítimo da Madeira—Futebol, SAD, 9020-208 Funchal, Portugal)

  • Cíntia França

    (Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
    LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
    Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal)

  • Francisco Martins

    (Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
    LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal)

  • Ricardo Henriques

    (Marítimo da Madeira—Futebol, SAD, 9020-208 Funchal, Portugal)

  • Marcelo de Maio Nascimento

    (Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil)

  • Andreas Ihle

    (Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
    Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
    Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland)

  • Hugo Sarmento

    (University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Education (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3004-504Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Krzysztof Przednowek

    (Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland)

  • Diogo Martinho

    (University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Education (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3004-504Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Élvio Rúbio Gouveia

    (Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
    LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
    Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland)

Abstract

Muscular strength is strongly related to speed and agility tasks, which have been described as the most decisive actions preceding goals in the soccer game. This study aimed to characterize the players’ strength indicators and to analyze the variation associated with age, competition level, and positional role. Eighty-three male soccer players from A team ( n = 22), B team ( n = 17), U-23 ( n = 19), and U-19 ( n = 25) participated in this study. Handgrip strength was assessed using a hand dynamometer (Jamar Plus+), countermovement jump (CMJ) and the squat jump (SJ) were evaluated using Optojump Next, and a Biodex System 4 Pro Dynamometer was used to assess the isokinetic strength of knee extension/flexion. Team A players showed increased lower-body strength compared to their peers, mainly through their increased vertical jumping capacity (i.e., CMJ and SJ; ps < 0.019), and superior performance in isokinetic assessments (i.e., peak torque, total work, and average power). Overall, older players outperformed their younger peers regarding vertical jumping, static strength, and average power in isokinetic strength (ps < 0.005). This study emphasizes the superior strength levels of professional soccer players compared with their lower-division peers, even after controlling by age. This information is of great value to sports agents and coaches, underlining the need to design and include strength-specific content during soccer training.

Suggested Citation

  • João Nuno Gouveia & Cíntia França & Francisco Martins & Ricardo Henriques & Marcelo de Maio Nascimento & Andreas Ihle & Hugo Sarmento & Krzysztof Przednowek & Diogo Martinho & Élvio Rúbio Gouveia, 2023. "Characterization of Static Strength, Vertical Jumping, and Isokinetic Strength in Soccer Players According to Age, Competitive Level, and Field Position," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-12, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:1799-:d:1040359
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert Śliwowski & Monika Grygorowicz & Radosław Hojszyk & Łukasz Jadczak, 2017. "The isokinetic strength profile of elite soccer players according to playing position," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(7), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Paul Pao-Yen Wu & Nicholas Sterkenburg & Kirsten Everett & Dale W Chapman & Nicole White & Kerrie Mengersen, 2019. "Predicting fatigue using countermovement jump force-time signatures: PCA can distinguish neuromuscular versus metabolic fatigue," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(7), pages 1-16, July.
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