IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i2p1551-d1035998.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Assessment of Dust, Chemical, Microbiological Pollutions and Microclimatic Parameters of Indoor Air in Sports Facilities

Author

Listed:
  • Justyna Szulc

    (Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Łódź, Poland)

  • Robert Cichowicz

    (Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Al. Politechniki 6, 90-924 Łódź, Poland)

  • Michał Gutarowski

    (Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Al. Politechniki 6, 90-924 Łódź, Poland)

  • Małgorzata Okrasa

    (Department of Personal Protective Equipment, Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, 90-133 Łódź, Poland)

  • Beata Gutarowska

    (Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Łódź, Poland)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse the quality of indoor air in sport facilities in one of the sport centres in Poland with respect to microclimatic parameters (temperature, humidity, and air flow velocity), particulate matter concentrations (PM 10 , PM 4 , PM 2.5 , and PM 1 ), gas concentrations (oxygen, ozone, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and benzopyrene), and microbial contamination (the total number of bacteria, specifically staphylococci, including Staphylococcus aureus , haemolytic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae , Pseudomonas fluorescens , actinomycetes, and the total number of fungi and xerophilic fungi). Measurements were made three times in May 2022 at 28 sampling points in 5 different sporting areas (the climbing wall, swimming pool, swimming pool changing room, and basketball and badminton courts) depending on the time of day (morning or afternoon) and on the outside building. The obtained results were compared with the standards for air quality in sports facilities. The air temperature (21–31 °C) was at the upper limit of thermal comfort, while the air humidity (RH < 40%) in the sports halls in most of the locations was below demanded values. The values for dust pollution in all rooms, except the swimming pool, exceeded the permissible limits, especially in the afternoons. Climatic conditions correlated with a high concentration of dust in the indoor air. Particulate matter concentrations of all fractions exceeded the WHO guidelines in all researched premises; the largest exceedances of standards occurred for PM 2.5 (five-fold) and for PM 10 (two-fold). There were no exceedances of gaseous pollutant concentrations in the air, except for benzopyrene, which resulted from the influence of the outside air. The total number of bacteria (5.1 × 10 1 –2.0 × 10 4 CFU m −3 ) and fungi (3.0 × 10 1 –3.75 × 10 2 CFU m −3 ) was exceeded in the changing room and the climbing wall hall. An increased number of staphylococci in the afternoon was associated with a large number of people training. The increased concentration of xerophilic fungi in the air correlated with the high dust content and low air humidity. Along with the increase in the number of users in the afternoon and their activities, the concentration of dust (several times) and microorganisms (1–2 log) in the air increased by several times and 1–2 log, respectively. The present study indicates which air quality parameters should be monitored and provides guidelines on how to increase the comfort of those who practice sports and work in sports facilities.

Suggested Citation

  • Justyna Szulc & Robert Cichowicz & Michał Gutarowski & Małgorzata Okrasa & Beata Gutarowska, 2023. "Assessment of Dust, Chemical, Microbiological Pollutions and Microclimatic Parameters of Indoor Air in Sports Facilities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-22, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:2:p:1551-:d:1035998
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/2/1551/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/2/1551/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Karolina Bralewska & Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska & Adrian Bralewski, 2019. "Size-Segregated Particulate Matter in a Selected Sports Facility in Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Justyna Szulc & Małgorzata Okrasa & Adriana Nowak & Joanna Nizioł & Tomasz Ruman & Sławomir Kuberski, 2022. "Assessment of Physicochemical, Microbiological and Toxicological Hazards at an Illegal Landfill in Central Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-31, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Giuseppina Caggiano & Vincenzo Marcotrigiano & Marilena D’Ambrosio & Piersaverio Marzocca & Valentina Spagnuolo & Fabrizio Fasano & Giusy Diella & Anna Paola Leone & Marco Lopuzzo & Domenico Pio Sorre, 2023. "Preliminary Investigation on Hygienic-Sanitary Quality of Food Vending Machines," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(8), pages 1-9, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Anna Wawrzyk & Mansur Rahnama & Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel & Sławomir Wilczyński & Michał Łobacz, 2022. "The Use of the Diode Laser against the Microbiome on Composites Closing the Screw Access Hall (Sah) in the Reconstruction of Dental Implants: Ex Vivo Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-19, June.
    2. Monika Załuska & Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk, 2020. "Regression Model of PM2.5 Concentration in a Single-Family House," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-15, July.
    3. Junjie Li & Xuehang Sun & Xin Dai & Junying Zhang & Bangfan Liu, 2022. "Policy Analysis on Recycling of Solid Waste Resources in China—Content Analysis Method of CNKI Literature Based on NVivo," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-12, June.
    4. Xinyang Liu & Yu Wang, 2022. "Identification and Assessment of Groundwater and Soil Contamination from an Informal Landfill Site," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-16, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:2:p:1551-:d:1035998. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.