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Overdose Detection Technologies to Reduce Solitary Overdose Deaths: A Literature Review

Author

Listed:
  • Alexa Rose Lombardi

    (Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA)

  • Ritikraj Arya

    (Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA)

  • Joseph G. Rosen

    (Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA)

  • Erin Thompson

    (Harm Reduction Innovation Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA)

  • Ralph Welwean

    (School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA)

  • Jessica Tardif

    (Harm Reduction Innovation Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA)

  • Josiah D. Rich

    (School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
    Center of Biomedical Research Excellence on Opioids and Overdose, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
    Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA)

  • Ju Nyeong Park

    (Harm Reduction Innovation Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
    School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
    Center of Biomedical Research Excellence on Opioids and Overdose, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
    Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA)

Abstract

Drug overdoses were a leading cause of injury and death in the United States in 2021. Solitary drug use and solitary overdose deaths have remained persistent challenges warranting additional attention throughout the overdose epidemic. The goal of this narrative review is to describe recent global innovations in overdose detection technologies (ODT) enabling rapid responses to overdose events, especially for people who use drugs alone. We found that only a small number of technologies designed to assist in overdose detection and response are currently commercially available, though several are in the early stages of development. Research, development, and scale-up of practical, cost-effective ODTs remains a public health imperative. Equipping places where people live, learn, work, worship, and play with the necessary tools to detect and prevent overdose deaths could complement ongoing overdose prevention efforts.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexa Rose Lombardi & Ritikraj Arya & Joseph G. Rosen & Erin Thompson & Ralph Welwean & Jessica Tardif & Josiah D. Rich & Ju Nyeong Park, 2023. "Overdose Detection Technologies to Reduce Solitary Overdose Deaths: A Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-12, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:2:p:1230-:d:1030805
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