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Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields—Different from General Public Exposure and Laboratory Studies

Author

Listed:
  • Kjell Hansson Mild

    (Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden)

  • Mats-Olof Mattsson

    (SciProof International AB, 83158 Östersund, Sweden
    Institute of Advanced Studies, Strömstad Academy, 45280 Strömstad, Sweden)

  • Peter Jeschke

    (Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 44194 Dortmund, Germany
    Current address: Vodafone GmbH, 40549 Düsseldorf, Germany.)

  • Michel Israel

    (National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria)

  • Mihaela Ivanova

    (National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria)

  • Tsvetelina Shalamanova

    (National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria)

Abstract

The designs of in vivo, in vitro and in silico studies do not adequately reflect the characteristics of long-term occupational EMF exposure; the higher exposure levels permitted for employees are nevertheless extrapolated on this basis. Epidemiological studies consider occupational exposure only in a very general way, if at all. There is a lack of detailed descriptive data on long-term occupational exposure over the duration of the working life. Most studies reflect exposure characteristics of the general population, exposures which are long-term, but at a comparably low level. Occupational exposure is often intermittent with high peak power followed by periods with no exposure. Furthermore, the EU EMF-Directive 2013/35/EU states a demand for occupational health surveillance, the outcome of which would be of great help to epidemiologists studying the health effects of EMF exposure. This paper thus aims to outline and specify differences between public and occupational exposure and to increase the understanding of specific aspects of occupational exposure which are important for long-term health considerations. This could lead to a future protection concept against possible hazards based on adequate descriptions of long-term exposures and also include supplementary descriptive features such as a “reset time” of biological systems and accurate dose quantities.

Suggested Citation

  • Kjell Hansson Mild & Mats-Olof Mattsson & Peter Jeschke & Michel Israel & Mihaela Ivanova & Tsvetelina Shalamanova, 2023. "Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields—Different from General Public Exposure and Laboratory Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(16), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:16:p:6552-:d:1213787
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alberto Modenese & Fabriziomaria Gobba, 2021. "Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields and Health Surveillance according to the European Directive 2013/35/EU," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-12, February.
    2. Gian Marco Contessa & Simona D’Agostino & Rosaria Falsaperla & Carlo Grandi & Alessandro Polichetti, 2021. "Issues in the Implementation of Directive 2013/35/EU Regarding the Protection of Workers against Electromagnetic Fields," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-15, October.
    3. Michel Israel & Katia Vangelova & Michaela Ivanova, 2007. "Cardiovascular risk under electromagnetic exposure in physiotherapy," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 27(4), pages 539-543, December.
    4. Katia Vangelova & Michel Israel & Desimira Velkova & Michaela Ivanova, 2007. "Changes in excretion rates of stress hormones in medical staff exposed to electromagnetic radiation," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 27(4), pages 551-555, December.
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