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Cortisol as a Stress Indicator in Fish: Sampling Methods, Analytical Techniques, and Organic Pollutant Exposure Assessments

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  • Leila Soledade Lemos

    (Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA)

  • Leo Moreira Angarica

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA)

  • Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis

    (Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil)

  • Natalia Quinete

    (Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA)

Abstract

Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid released during stress responses in most fish and has been employed to investigate different stressors, including organic pollutants. This review discusses shifts in cortisol concentrations and examines different matrix sampling methods (invasive vs. minimally or non-invasive) and the main analytical cortisol determination techniques (immunoassays and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). Assessments on organic pollutant exposure in fish and associated adverse effects are also discussed. Studies in this regard may aid in identifying organic pollutant toxicological modes of action, mechanistic response, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics, as well as pollution sources and associated health risks in fish, ultimately aiding in the development of effective management strategies to mitigate the impacts of organic pollutants on fish populations and their associated ecosystems.

Suggested Citation

  • Leila Soledade Lemos & Leo Moreira Angarica & Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis & Natalia Quinete, 2023. "Cortisol as a Stress Indicator in Fish: Sampling Methods, Analytical Techniques, and Organic Pollutant Exposure Assessments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(13), pages 1-18, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:13:p:6237-:d:1180943
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