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Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals Based on Multiple Approaches for a Proposed Subway Line in the Southeast Industrial District of Beijing, China

Author

Listed:
  • Xiaoyang Jia

    (College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China)

  • Tianxiang Xia

    (Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China)

  • Jing Liang

    (Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China)

  • Yandan Li

    (Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China)

  • Xiaoying Zhu

    (Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China)

  • Dan Zhang

    (Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China)

  • Jinsheng Wang

    (Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China)

Abstract

Apportioning the sources of heavy metals (HMs) in soil is of great importance for pollution control. A total of 64 soil samples from 13 sample points at depths of 0–21 m were collected along a proposed subway line in the southeast industrial district of Beijing. The concentrations, distribution characteristics, and sources of eight HMs were investigated. The results showed that the concentrations of Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, As, and Zn in the topsoil (0–2 m) exceeded the Beijing soil background values. Three sources were identified and their respective contribution rates calculated for each of the HMs using multiple approaches, including correlation analysis (CA), top enrichment factor (TEF), principal component analysis (PCA), and positive matrix factor (PMF) methods. As (63.11%), Cr (61.67%), and Ni (70.80%) mainly originated from natural sources; Hg (97.0%) was dominated by fossil fuel combustion and atmospheric deposition sources; and Zn (72.80%), Pb (69.75%), Cu (65.36%) and Cd (53.08%) were related to traffic sources. Multiple approaches were demonstrated to be effective for HM source apportionment in soil, whilst the results using PMF were clearer and more complete. This work could provide evidence for the selection of reasonable methods to deal with soils excavated during subway construction, avoiding the over-remediation of the soils with heavy metals coming from natural sources.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaoyang Jia & Tianxiang Xia & Jing Liang & Yandan Li & Xiaoying Zhu & Dan Zhang & Jinsheng Wang, 2022. "Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals Based on Multiple Approaches for a Proposed Subway Line in the Southeast Industrial District of Beijing, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2022:i:1:p:683-:d:1020336
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiaoyang Jia & Danhua Yang & Yandan Li & Xiaoying Zhu & Lina Zhang & Jinsheng Wang, 2023. "Application of the PDMS Passive Sampling Method to Assess Bioavailability and Health Risks Associated with PAH-Contaminated Soil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-15, June.

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