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OSA and Chronic Respiratory Disease: Mechanisms and Epidemiology

Author

Listed:
  • Brian W. Locke

    (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, 26 N 1900 E, Wintrobe 701, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA)

  • Janet J. Lee

    (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, 26 N 1900 E, Wintrobe 701, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA)

  • Krishna M. Sundar

    (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, 26 N 1900 E, Wintrobe 701, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA)

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disorder that has profound implications on the outcomes of patients with chronic lung disease. The hallmark of OSA is a collapse of the oropharynx resulting in a transient reduction in airflow, large intrathoracic pressure swings, and intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia. The subsequent cytokine-mediated inflammatory cascade, coupled with tractional lung injury, damages the lungs and may worsen several conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary hypertension. Further complicating this is the sleep fragmentation and deterioration of sleep quality that occurs because of OSA, which can compound the fatigue and physical exhaustion often experienced by patients due to their chronic lung disease. For patients with many pulmonary disorders, the available evidence suggests that the prompt recognition and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing improves their quality of life and may also alter the course of their illness. However, more robust studies are needed to truly understand this relationship and the impacts of confounding comorbidities such as obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clinicians taking care of patients with chronic pulmonary disease should screen and treat patients for OSA, given the complex bidirectional relationship OSA has with chronic lung disease.

Suggested Citation

  • Brian W. Locke & Janet J. Lee & Krishna M. Sundar, 2022. "OSA and Chronic Respiratory Disease: Mechanisms and Epidemiology," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-19, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5473-:d:806892
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alicia Guillien & Solène Cadiou & Rémy Slama & Valérie Siroux, 2021. "The Exposome Approach to Decipher the Role of Multiple Environmental and Lifestyle Determinants in Asthma," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Dan Adler & Elise Dupuis-Lozeron & Jean Paul Janssens & Paola M Soccal & Frédéric Lador & Laurent Brochard & Jean-Louis Pépin, 2018. "Obstructive sleep apnea in patients surviving acute hypercapnic respiratory failure is best predicted by static hyperinflation," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(10), pages 1-11, October.
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