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Molecular Epidemiology of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Rodents, Humans, Chicken, and Household Soils in Karatu, Northern Tanzania

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  • Valery Silvery Sonola

    (Department of Wildlife Management, College of Forestry, Wildlife and Tourism, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3073, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
    Livestock Training Agency (LITA), Buhuri Campus, P.O. Box 1483, Tanga 21206, Tanzania
    Africa Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development (ACE-IRPM & BTD), Pest Management Institute, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3110, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania)

  • Abdul Katakweba

    (Africa Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development (ACE-IRPM & BTD), Pest Management Institute, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3110, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
    Institute of Pest Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3110, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania)

  • Gerald Misinzo

    (Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
    SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania)

  • Mecky Isaac Matee

    (SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam 11103, Tanzania)

Abstract

The interaction of rodents with humans and chicken in the household environment can facilitate transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), causing infections that are difficult to treat. We investigated the presence of genes encoded for carbapenem, extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), tetracycline and quinolones resistance, and virulence among 50 MDR E. coli isolated from human ( n = 14), chicken ( n = 12), rodent ( n = 10), and soil ( n = 14) samples using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Overall, the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) detected were: blaTEM 23/50 (46%), blaCTX-M 13/50 (26%), tetA 23/50 (46%), tetB 7/50 (14%), qnrA 12/50 (24%), qnrB 4/50 (8%), blaOXA-48 6/50 (12%), and blaKPC 3/50 (6%), while blaIMP , blaVIM , and blaNDM-1 were not found. The virulence genes (VGs) found were: ompA 36/50 (72%), traT 13/50 (26%), east 9/50 (18%), bfp 5/50 (10%), eae 1/50 (2%), and stx-1 2/50 (4%), while hlyA and cnf genes were not detected. Resistance ( blaTEM , blaCTX-M , blaSHV , tetA , tetB , and qnrA ) and virulence ( traT ) genes were found in all sample sources while stx-1 and eae were only found in chicken and rodent isolates, respectively. Tetracycline resistance phenotypes correlated with genotypes tetA (r = 0.94), tetB (r = 0.90), blaKPC (r = 0.90; blaOXA-48 (r = 0.89), and qnrA (r = 0.96). ESBL resistance was correlated with genotypes blaKPC (r = 0.93), blaOXA -48 (r = 0.90), and qnrA (r = 0.96) resistance. Positive correlations were observed between resistance and virulence genes: qnrB and bfp (r = 0.63) also blaTEM , and traT (r = 0.51). Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that tetA , tetB , blaTEM , blaCTX-M , qnrA , and qnrB genes contributed to tetracycline, cefotaxime, and quinolone resistance, respectively. While traT stx-1 , bfp , ompA , east , and eae genes contributed to virulence of MDR E. coli isolates. The PCA ellipses show that isolates from rodents had more ARGs and virulence genes compared to those isolated from chicken, soil, and humans.

Suggested Citation

  • Valery Silvery Sonola & Abdul Katakweba & Gerald Misinzo & Mecky Isaac Matee, 2022. "Molecular Epidemiology of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Rodents, Humans, Chicken, and Household Soils in Karatu, Northern Tanz," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5388-:d:804787
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nerino Allocati & Michele Masulli & Mikhail F. Alexeyev & Carmine Di Ilio, 2013. "Escherichia coli in Europe: An Overview," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-20, November.
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