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The Associations between Caregivers’ Emotional and Instrumental Feeding, Children’s Emotional Eating, and Children’s Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in China

Author

Listed:
  • Meijing An

    (Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Xiyao Liu

    (Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Hao Guo

    (Loudi Town Health Centre, Luancheng District, Shijiazhuang 051430, China)

  • Qianling Zhou

    (Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

Abstract

High consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) increases the risks of non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality in adulthood, and the risk of early childhood caries. Limited evidence about factors influencing children’s consumption of UPF exists. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of UPF consumption among children less than three years of age, and identify its associations with caregivers’ emotional and instrumental feeding, and children’s emotional eating. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China. Caregivers caring for children aged 6–36 months ( n = 408) were recruited. Caregivers’ emotional and instrumental feeding practices and children’s emotional eating were assessed by the Parents’ Feeding Practices Scale for Infant and Young Child and Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, respectively. Children’s UPF consumption was assessed by a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Of the children, 86.8% consumed UPF. The highest percentage of UPF consumed was pastries (63.5%), followed by solid or semi-solid dairy products (58.8%), and reconstituted meat products (56.4%). Caregivers’ emotional and instrumental feeding was positively associated with children’s consumption of UPF (OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.01, 2.49), a higher frequency of UPF consumption weekly (OR = 1.80, 95%CI: 1.35, 2.39), and a larger amount of UPF consumption weekly (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.38, 2.49). Children’s higher frequency of emotional undereating was associated with their UPF consumption (OR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.07, 2.42) and a higher frequency of UPF consumption weekly (OR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.73). Children’s emotional undereating significantly mediated the associations between caregivers’ emotional and instrumental feeding and children’s consumption of reconstituted meat products. Caregivers should be educated to avoid emotional and instrumental feeding practices, and cultivate children’s good eating habits to improve children’s diet quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Meijing An & Xiyao Liu & Hao Guo & Qianling Zhou, 2022. "The Associations between Caregivers’ Emotional and Instrumental Feeding, Children’s Emotional Eating, and Children’s Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:8:p:4439-:d:788701
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Faye Powell & Claire Farrow & Caroline Meyer & Emma Haycraft, 2018. "The Stability and Continuity of Maternally Reported and Observed Child Eating Behaviours and Feeding Practices across Early Childhood," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-14, May.
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