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Self-Reported Computer Vision Syndrome among Thai University Students in Virtual Classrooms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Author

Listed:
  • Kampanat Wangsan

    (Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Phit Upaphong

    (Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Pheerasak Assavanopakun

    (Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Ratana Sapbamrer

    (Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Wachiranun Sirikul

    (Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Amornphat Kitro

    (Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Naphasorn Sirimaharaj

    (Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Sawita Kuanprasert

    (Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Maneekarn Saenpo

    (Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Suchada Saetiao

    (Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Thitichaya Khamphichai

    (Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, computer vision syndrome (CVS) related to online classrooms were unavoidable. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the prevalence, characteristics and associated factors of CVS. A total of 527 students who were currently studying in a virtual classroom (70.40% female, mean (standard deviation; SD) age of 20.04 (2.17) years) were included. The prevalence of CVS assessed by an online CVS-Questionnaire was 81.0% (427/527). Comparing with those in the period before the online study, an increase in screen time (interquartile range) in students with and without CVS was 3 (0–3) and 2 (1–5) h, respectively. Overall, 516 students (97.9%) experienced at least one symptom. The most frequent symptom in CVS subjects was eye pain (96.5%). The most intense symptoms were the feeling of worsening eyesight (15.9%). The factors associated with CVS were female ( p < 0.001), age ( p = 0.010), atopic diseases ( p = 0.020), prior ocular symptoms ( p < 0.001), astigmatism ( p = 0.033), distance from display <20 cm ( p = 0.023), presence of glare or reflection on screen ( p < 0.001), low screen brightness ( p = 0.045), sleep duration ( p = 0.030), inadequate break time between classes ( p < 0.001) and increased screen time usage during online study ( p < 0.001). Recommendations to prevent CVS based on the adjustable factors might reduce the burden of online study.

Suggested Citation

  • Kampanat Wangsan & Phit Upaphong & Pheerasak Assavanopakun & Ratana Sapbamrer & Wachiranun Sirikul & Amornphat Kitro & Naphasorn Sirimaharaj & Sawita Kuanprasert & Maneekarn Saenpo & Suchada Saetiao &, 2022. "Self-Reported Computer Vision Syndrome among Thai University Students in Virtual Classrooms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Associated Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-12, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:7:p:3996-:d:781059
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Sonia Celedonia Huyhua-Gutierrez & Jhon Alex Zeladita-Huaman & Rosa Jeuna Díaz-Manchay & Albila Beatriz Dominguez-Palacios & Roberto Zegarra-Chapoñan & María Angélica Rivas-Souza & Sonia Tejada-Muñoz, 2023. "Digital Eye Strain among Peruvian Nursing Students: Prevalence and Associated Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-9, March.

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