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Human Exposure to Chlorinated Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in an Industrial Area of Shenzhen, China

Author

Listed:
  • Yunlang Liu

    (Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Tingting Zhu

    (State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Managing Technology of Drinking Water Source, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science, Shenzhen 518001, China)

  • Zuoming Xie

    (Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
    State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Chen Deng

    (State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Managing Technology of Drinking Water Source, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science, Shenzhen 518001, China)

  • Xiujuan Qi

    (State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Managing Technology of Drinking Water Source, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science, Shenzhen 518001, China)

  • Rong Hu

    (State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Managing Technology of Drinking Water Source, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science, Shenzhen 518001, China)

  • Jinglin Wang

    (State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Managing Technology of Drinking Water Source, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science, Shenzhen 518001, China)

  • Jianyi Chen

    (State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Managing Technology of Drinking Water Source, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science, Shenzhen 518001, China)

Abstract

Human exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) is more pervasive in industrial areas manufacturing OPE-related products. OPE exposure is of great concern due to its associations with adverse health effects, while studies on OPE exposure in industrial districts are scarce. This study aimed to assess human exposure to OPEs in a typical industrial area producing large amounts of OPE-related products in Shenzhen, China. Tris (2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP), tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and other common OPEs were analyzed in urine ( n = 30) and plasma ( n = 21) samples. Moreover, we measured five OPE metabolites (mOPEs) in plasma samples ( n = 21). The results show that TCPP and TCEP are dominant compounds, with moderate to high levels compared with those reported in urine and plasma samples from other regions. In addition, di-n-butyl phosphate (DnBP) and diethyl phosphite (DEP) were frequently detected in plasma samples and could be considered as biomarkers. Risk assessment revealed a moderate to high potential health risk from TCEP exposure. Our results provide basic data for human exposure to OPEs in industrial areas and call for the prevention and mitigation of industrial chlorinated OPE pollution.

Suggested Citation

  • Yunlang Liu & Tingting Zhu & Zuoming Xie & Chen Deng & Xiujuan Qi & Rong Hu & Jinglin Wang & Jianyi Chen, 2022. "Human Exposure to Chlorinated Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in an Industrial Area of Shenzhen, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-12, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:5:p:3126-:d:765587
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