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Trends in the Epidemiology and Outcomes of Pneumocystis Pneumonia among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Hospitalizations

Author

Listed:
  • Kalaimani Elango

    (Division of Cardiology, University of Nevada, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Mayuri Mudgal

    (Department of Geriatric Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Wakefield Campus, 600 E 233rd Street Bronx, New York, NY 10466, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Swetha Murthi

    (Department of Endocrinology, Yuma Regional Medical Center, 2400 S Avenue A, Yuma, AZ 85364, USA)

  • Prashanth Reddy Yella

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Yuma Regional Medical Center, 2400 S Avenue A, Yuma, AZ 85364, USA)

  • Savan Nagrecha

    (Department of Pharmacy, Yuma Regional Medical Center, 2400 S Avenue A, Yuma, AZ 85364, USA)

  • Vedhapriya Srinivasan

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Suny Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY 11203, USA)

  • Vijaykumar Sekar

    (Department of Endocrinology, Lehigh Valley Health Center, 1243 S Cedar Crest Blvd, Allentown, PA 18103, USA)

  • Maria Koshy

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA)

  • Sathishkumar Ramalingam

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Lovelace Medical Center, 601 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue NE, Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA)

  • Kulothungan Gunasekaran

    (Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, Yuma Regional Medical Center, 2400 S Avenue A, Yuma, AZ 85364, USA)

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infection among people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study’s objective was to assess temporal trends in PCP epidemiology among hospitalized patients with HIV/AIDS in the US and to compare data for hospitalizations with HIV with PCP to those without PCP. Methods: The national inpatient sample (NIS) data were analyzed from 2002–2014. The discharge coding identified hospitalized patients with HIV or AIDS and with or without PCP. Results: We identified 3,011,725 hospitalizations with HIV/AIDS during the study period; PCP was present in 5% of the patients with a diagnosis of HIV. The rates of PCP progressively declined from 6.7% in 2002 to 3.5 % in 2014 ( p < 0.001). Overall mortality in patients with HIV was 3.3% and was significantly higher in those with PCP than without PCP (9.9% vs. 2.9%; p < 0.001). After adjusting for demographics and other comorbidities, PCP had higher odds of hospital mortality 3.082 (OR 3.082; 95% CI, 3.007 to 3.159; p < 0.001). Conclusion: From 2002 to 2014, the rate of PCP in HIV patients has decreased significantly in the United States but is associated with substantially higher mortality.

Suggested Citation

  • Kalaimani Elango & Mayuri Mudgal & Swetha Murthi & Prashanth Reddy Yella & Savan Nagrecha & Vedhapriya Srinivasan & Vijaykumar Sekar & Maria Koshy & Sathishkumar Ramalingam & Kulothungan Gunasekaran, 2022. "Trends in the Epidemiology and Outcomes of Pneumocystis Pneumonia among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Hospitalizations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:5:p:2768-:d:760015
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