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Effects of Environmental Exposure to Cadmium and Lead on the Risks of Diabetes and Kidney Dysfunction

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  • Supabhorn Yimthiang

    (Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand)

  • Phisit Pouyfung

    (Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand)

  • Tanaporn Khamphaya

    (Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand)

  • Saruda Kuraeiad

    (Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand)

  • Paleeratana Wongrith

    (Community Public Health, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand)

  • David A. Vesey

    (Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Australia
    Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane 4075, Australia)

  • Glenda C. Gobe

    (Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Australia
    School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
    NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for CKD, QLD, UQ Health Sciences, Royal Brisbane, and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia)

  • Soisungwan Satarug

    (Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Australia)

Abstract

Environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) or lead (Pb) is independently associated with increased risks of type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of concurrent exposure to these toxic metals on the risks of diabetes and kidney functional impairment. The Cd and Pb exposure levels among study subjects were low to moderate, evident from the means for blood concentrations of Cd and Pb ([Cd] b and [Pb] b ) of 0.59 µg/L and 4.67 µg/dL, respectively. Of 176 study subjects (mean age 60), 71 (40.3%) had abnormally high fasting plasma glucose levels. Based on their [Cd] b and [Pb] b , 53, 71, and 52 subjects were assigned to Cd and Pb exposure profiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The diagnosis of diabetes was increased by 4.2-fold in those with an exposure profile 3 ( p = 0.002), and by 2.9-fold in those with the estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ( p = 0.029). The prevalence odds ratio (POR) for albuminuria was increased by 5-fold in those with plasma glucose levels above kidney threshold of 180 mg/dL ( p = 0.014), and by 3.1-fold in those with low eGFR) ( p = 0.050). Collectively, these findings suggest that the Cd and Pb exposure profiles equally impact kidney function and diabetes risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Supabhorn Yimthiang & Phisit Pouyfung & Tanaporn Khamphaya & Saruda Kuraeiad & Paleeratana Wongrith & David A. Vesey & Glenda C. Gobe & Soisungwan Satarug, 2022. "Effects of Environmental Exposure to Cadmium and Lead on the Risks of Diabetes and Kidney Dysfunction," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:4:p:2259-:d:751201
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Robert Reilly & Susan Spalding & Brad Walsh & Jeanne Wainer & Sue Pickens & Marcene Royster & John Villanacci & Bert B. Little, 2018. "Chronic Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure and Kidney Function among African Americans: Dallas Lead Project II," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Bert B. Little & Robert Reilly & Brad Walsh & Giang T. Vu, 2020. "Cadmium Is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in a Superfund Site Lead Smelter Community in Dallas, Texas," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-13, June.
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