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The Accumulation and Transformation of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Liujiang River Basin in Southern China and Their Threatening on Water Security

Author

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  • Xiongyi Miao

    (Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR&GZAR, Institute of Krast Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
    Department of Health Management, Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang 550001, China
    Henan Xinweijie Technology Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471000, China)

  • Mian Song

    (Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, CGS, Baoding 071051, China)

  • Gaohai Xu

    (Nanjiang Hydrogeological & Engineering Geology Brigade, Chongqing Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration, Chongqing 401121, China)

  • Yupei Hao

    (Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR&GZAR, Institute of Krast Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
    Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China)

  • Hucai Zhang

    (Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China)

Abstract

Heavy metal (HM) pollution in sediments is tightly related to the security of water quality in rivers, but the accumulation and conversion of HMs are poorly researched, so that a field study was conducted as an example in the Liujiang River Basin. Seven HMs were analyzed to determine between the overlying water and sediments. Moreover, the regulation of HMs speciation and environmental factors in their accumulation and conversion were identified. The obtained results suggested the HM concentrations in water are far below the primary standard of water quality, but in sediments, the contents of Cd and Zn are significantly higher than their corresponding baseline of soil. Only Cd and Pb are dominantly in non-residual form (carbonate-bound fraction and reducible fraction, respectively). The non-significant correlations suggested pH and Eh may be hard to influence HMs in water, while the significant correlations highlighted the regulations of Eh, organic matter and mean grain size on the accumulation of metals in sediments. The opposite correlations between EC, TDS, pH and Cd confirmed the emission of acid wastewater contributed to the accumulation of Cd in sediment. The conversion of metals between water and sediments were found to be significant only in specific forms of Cd, As, Cu, Zn and Pb, suggesting the conversion of HMs in sediments should be largely regulated by their specific forms. The very high risk disclosed by the higher values of E r i and RI are only found upstream, while the higher risk of Cd should be treated as a critical environmental threat.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiongyi Miao & Mian Song & Gaohai Xu & Yupei Hao & Hucai Zhang, 2022. "The Accumulation and Transformation of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Liujiang River Basin in Southern China and Their Threatening on Water Security," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1619-:d:739430
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yupei Hao & Xiongyi Miao & Hongwei Liu & Dan Miao, 2021. "The Variation of Heavy Metals Bioavailability in Sediments of Liujiang River Basin, SW China Associated to Their Speciations and Environmental Fluctuations, a Field Study in Typical Karstic River," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-15, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yang Jin & Quanping Zhou & Xiaolong Wang & Hong Zhang & Guoqiang Yang & Ting Lei & Shijia Mei & Hai Yang & Lin Liu & Hui Yang & Jinsong Lv & Yuehua Jiang, 2022. "Heavy Metals in the Mainstream Water of the Yangtze River Downstream: Distribution, Sources and Health Risk Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-17, May.
    2. Juan Wang & Xuejing Wang & Guoxue Li & Jingtao Ding & Yujun Shen & Di Liu & Hongsheng Cheng & Ying Zhang & Ran Li, 2022. "Speciation Analysis Method of Heavy Metals in Organic Fertilizers: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-20, December.
    3. Xiongyi Miao & Jianping Liang & Yupei Hao & Wanjun Zhang & Yincai Xie & Hucai Zhang, 2022. "The Influence of the Reduction in Clay Sediments in the Level of Metals Bioavailability—An Investigation in Liujiang River Basin after Wet Season," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-16, November.

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