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Breast Fluctuating Asymmetry in Women with Macromastia/Gigantomastia

Author

Listed:
  • Anna Kasielska-Trojan

    (Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 22, 90-153 Lodz, Poland)

  • Tomasz Zawadzki

    (Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 22, 90-153 Lodz, Poland)

  • Bogusław Antoszewski

    (Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 22, 90-153 Lodz, Poland)

Abstract

Background: A number of studies have reported breasts have high fluctuating asymmetry (FA:|Right-Left|), suggesting that they contain evolutionary and clinical information (e.g., high FA correlates with breast cancer risk). Here we focus on breast FA in women with a wide range of breast sizes, including participants with macromastia and/or gigantomastia. Material and methods: The sample included 65 women (mean age 33.97 ± 12.1 years). Thirty were randomly selected students and/or patients who regarded their breast size as small, normal or average and who had not undergone or intended to have any breast surgery. The remainder ( n = 35) were qualified for breast reduction due to macromastia and/or gigantomastia. In all participants we measured/calculated weight, height and BMI, as well as took chest photographs. Breast volumes and nipple areola complex FAs were evaluated in a specifically-designed software. Results: Breast size significantly positively correlated with breast volume FA in all women (t = 5.17, p < 0.0001) and in women with macromastia/gigantomastia (t = 2.32, p = 0.027). All nipple location FAs correlated positively with breast size. Conclusions: In women with different breast sizes, breast size correlates with FA calculated from breast volume and nipple location FAs. In women with macromastia and/or gigantomastia, breasts present higher FA than “normal” breasts. This observation may give a rationale for earlier and more frequent prophylactic breast imaging in women with macromastia and/or gigantomastia.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Kasielska-Trojan & Tomasz Zawadzki & Bogusław Antoszewski, 2022. "Breast Fluctuating Asymmetry in Women with Macromastia/Gigantomastia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-8, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:24:p:16895-:d:1005197
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    Cited by:

    1. Tomasz Zawadzki & Bogusław Antoszewski & Anna Kasielska-Trojan, 2023. "Is Preoperative Asymmetry a Predictor of Postoperative Asymmetry in Patients Undergoing Breast Reduction?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-10, February.

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