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Carbothermal Synthesis of Sludge Biochar Supported Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for the Removal of Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ : Preparation, Performance, and Safety Risks

Author

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  • Yingying Shao

    (Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
    Shandong Shanke Institute of Ecological Environment Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, China)

  • Chao Tian

    (Shandong Shanke Institute of Ecological Environment Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, China)

  • Yanfeng Yang

    (Shandong Shanke Institute of Ecological Environment Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, China)

  • Yanqiu Shao

    (Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China)

  • Tao Zhang

    (Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China)

  • Xinhua Shi

    (Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China)

  • Weiyi Zhang

    (Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China)

  • Ying Zhu

    (Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China)

Abstract

The practical application of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) is restricted by its easy oxidation and aggregation. Here, sludge biochar (SB) was used as a carrier to stabilize NZVI for Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ removal. SB supported NZVI (SB-NZVI) was synthesized using the carbothermic method. The superior preparation conditions, structural characteristics, and performance and mechanisms of the SB-NZVI composites for the removal of Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ were investigated via batch experiments and characterization analysis. The optimal removal capacities of 55.94 mg/g for Cd 2+ and 97.68 mg/g for Cu 2+ were achieved at a Fe/sludge mass ratio of 1:4 and pyrolysis temperature of 900 °C. Batch experiments showed that the SB-NZVI (1:4-900) composite had an excellent elimination capacity over a broad pH range, and that weakly acidic to neutral solutions were optimal for removal. The XPS results indicated that the Cd 2+ removal was mainly dependent on the adsorption and precipitation/coprecipitation, while reduction and adsorption were the mechanisms that play a decisive role in Cu 2+ removal. The presence of Cd 2+ had an opposite effect on the Cu 2+ removal. Moreover, the SB-NZVI composites made of municipal sludge greatly reduces the leaching toxicity and bio-availability of heavy metals in the municipal sludge, which can be identified as an environmentally-friendly material.

Suggested Citation

  • Yingying Shao & Chao Tian & Yanfeng Yang & Yanqiu Shao & Tao Zhang & Xinhua Shi & Weiyi Zhang & Ying Zhu, 2022. "Carbothermal Synthesis of Sludge Biochar Supported Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for the Removal of Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ : Preparation, Performance, and Safety Risks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:23:p:16041-:d:989581
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fei Huang & Lu Zhang & Ren-Ren Wu & Si-Ming Zhang & Rong-Bo Xiao, 2020. "Adsorption Behavior and Relative Distribution of Cd 2+ Adsorption Mechanisms by the Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Biochars Derived from Chicken Manure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-17, March.
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