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Maternal Serum α-Fetoprotein Levels during Pregnancy and Testicular Cancer in Male Offspring: A Cohort Study within a Danish Pregnancy Screening Registry

Author

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  • Cecilie S. Uldbjerg

    (Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
    The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Youn-Hee Lim

    (Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
    Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea)

  • Clara H. Glazer

    (Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
    The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
    Department of Urology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark)

  • Russ Hauser

    (Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA)

  • Anders Juul

    (Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
    The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
    Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Elvira V. Bräuner

    (Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
    The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Testicular cancer is believed to originate from disruptions of normal androgen-estrogen balance in-utero. α-fetoprotein (AFP) may modify fetal response to estrogens via estrogen interaction. In a cohort study, we investigated the association between circulating maternal pregnancy AFP and testicular cancer risk in offspring. Of the 56,709 live-born males from a pregnancy screening registry in 1980–1995, our study included 50,519 singleton males with available second trimester blood samples from their mothers and complete covariate ascertainment. Testicular cancer diagnoses and covariate data were obtained from nationwide Danish health registries. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses estimated the prospective risk of testicular cancer (all, seminoma, nonseminoma) by AFP multiples of the median. During follow-up, 163 (0.3%) of the included males developed testicular cancer, of which 89 (54.6%) were nonseminomas. Maternal serum AFP levels greater than/equal to the median were associated with a relative risk of testicular cancer close to unity (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.76; 1.41) compared to AFP below the median. Associations differed by type of testicular cancer (RR seminoma 0.81, 95% CI 0.51; 1.29, RR nonseminoma 1.31, 95% CI 0.85; 2.02). On balance, our findings do not support that serum AFP in pregnancy can be used as a predictor of testicular cancer in offspring.

Suggested Citation

  • Cecilie S. Uldbjerg & Youn-Hee Lim & Clara H. Glazer & Russ Hauser & Anders Juul & Elvira V. Bräuner, 2022. "Maternal Serum α-Fetoprotein Levels during Pregnancy and Testicular Cancer in Male Offspring: A Cohort Study within a Danish Pregnancy Screening Registry," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-13, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:21:p:14112-:d:956835
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